PICLEC - Module 2: Groups IA

Lithium

Lithium

Commonly used in the production of batteries; alkali metal

CALCIUM

alkaline metal; found in dietary supplement in the prevention of osteoporosis

Magnesium

Used in the production of strong, lightweight alloys for aircraft and sports equipment; alkaline earth metal

Sodium

maintains fluid balance and nerve function in the body; metal ion

Group IA

Alkali Metal

Group 1A

+1 valence electron

Alkali Salts

freely-soluble in water

Group 1A

Most active; easily oxidized in air therefor stored under mineral oil

Group 1A

Reacts violently with water

Lithium

lightest metal; Flame color is carmine red

lithos

greek word for stone

Lithium

was used as a treatment for hangover but soon removed after death of 4 US patients

Lithium ion

has a CNS depressant effect; as well as nephrotoxic (kidney damage)

Nephro

means kidney

Helium

Lightest metal

Lithium bromide

hypnotic effect

Hypnotic effect

decreases activity

Sedative

induces drowsiness and sleep

Lithium carbonate (lithii carbonas)

used in treatment of bipolar disorder

Lithium Citrate (lithi citras)

used as antacidan

Antacid

neutralized stomach acid

Diuretic

promotes urination

Na

Sodium element Symbol

Natrium

latin name of sodium; obtained from niter

NaOH

Caustic Soda

Sir Humphry Davy

Discovered Sodium through the electrolysis of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

Sodium

most abundant in nature in the form of Rock Salt (Sodium Chloride - NaCl)

Sodium

Burns a bright golden yellow color

Na+

predominant cation outside the cellular fluif

Potassium

most abundant inside the the cellular fluid

Sodium Hydroxide

“caustic soda“; deliquescent and escharotic; used in soap preparation and titration

Deliquescent

absorbs moisture then liquifies

Escharotic

corrosive to tissue

Toilet cleaner

contains liquified Sodium Hydroxide

Sodium Chloride

rock salt; electrolyte replenishment; renders solutions to be isotonic

Parenteral

administered into the bloodstream

0.9% Nacl

normal saline solution

Sodium Acetate

diuretic; treatment of UTI and cystitis

-itis

suffix for inflammation

Sodium Carbonate

soda ash when anhydrous; Sal soda/washing soda when decahydrate

Sodium Bicarbonate

Baking soda; used for antacid and a urinary alkalizeral

alkalizer

incerases pH (more basic)

Acidic

decrease of pH

Buffer

resist pH change

Sodium Nitrite

used as a smooth muscle relaxant for angina pectoris; treatment for cyanide poisoning

Sodium Citrate

alkalizer and diuretic; anti coagulant

Anti coagulant

prevents blood clotting

Sodium Phosphate

disodium hydrogen phosphate; saline laxative and cathartic

Laxative

promotes defecation; mild

Cathartic

promotes defecation via evacuation of entire colon; strong

Sodium Biphosphate

Sodium dihydrogen phosphate; monobasic; urinary acidifier

Sodium Thiocyanite

Antihypertensive; lowers blood pressure

Sodium Thiosulfate

topical; used in treating ringworm infection, dermatitis, cyanide and iodine poisoning

Sodium Sulfate

Glauber’s salt; used as saline laxative

Sodium borate

borax; used as bacteriostatic; water-softener

bacteriostatic

prevents growth of bacteria

water-softener

removes ions and minerals from water

Sodium Bromide

used as sedative

Sodium Iodide

Solubilizing agent in iodine solution

Sodium Hypochlorite

used as laundry bleaching agent (5%)`

Labarraque’s solution

NaOCl diluted with equal volume of water; used as oxidizing and bleaching agent

Modifies Dakin’s Solution

Diluted NaOCl solution of 0.5%; used as disinfectant and irrigating solution for wound

Disinfectant

antimicrobial agent applied on inanimate objects

Antiseptic

antimicrobial agent applied on living tissues

Compound effervescent powder

seidlitz powders; mild laxative

Soda Mint

Sodium bicarbonate and aroatic ammonia; used as carminative and antacid

Carminative

relieves flatulence; PREVENTING BUILD UP OF GAS

Soda Lime

Calcium hydroxide and Sodium or Potassium Hydroxide; Carbon dioxide absorbent

Sippy Powder no 1

Sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate powderl antacid

Sodium Citrate Solution

Diophoretic

Diaphoretic

increases sweating

Compound Sodium Borate Solution

Dobell’s solution; astringent and antiseptic

Astringent

Shrinks or constricts tissues and tightens pores

Theobromine and Sodium acetate

diuretic in cardiac edemas

Sodium Nitrate

Chile saltpeter; used to manufacture nitric acid and fertilizer

K

element symbol of Potassium

Kalium

latin of Potassium; obtained from Salsola kali

Sir Humphry Davy

isolated potassium from potash

Potassium

violet color in non luminous flame

Potassium Acetate

used as diuretic

Potassium bicarbonate

used as an antacid or urinary alkalizer

Potassium Bitartrate

cream of tartar; diuretic and laxative

Potassium Bromide

used as a sedative

Potassium carbonate

alkalizer in pharmaceutical preparations

Potassium Chlorate

oxidizing germicide; used to manufacture pyrotechnics and matches

Potassium chlorite

diuretic

Potassium citrate

Diuretic; expectorite; laxative

Expectorite

helps loosen mucus or phlegm

Potassium hydroxide

Caustic potash; escharotic and used in soap preparation

Potassium mercuric iodide

germicide

Potassium nitrate

saltpeter; diuretic and diaphoretic