GT-2-Courtroom Terms

Plaintiff

Noun: person who brings a lawsuit (civil trial)

Defendant

Noun: person being accused/sued

Litigation

Noun: the process of taking legal action

소송, 법적 분쟁

Jurisdiction

Noun: court's authority over a case

사법권, 관할권

"This court lacks --- over the matter."

Verdict

Noun: final decision by jury/judge

평결

Conviction

Noun: a formal finding that someone is guilty of a crime

유죄 판결

"The defendant's --- was based on strong evidence."

Sentence

Noun: punishment given after conviction

"The judge imposed a five-year ---."

Testimony

Noun: spoken evidence under oath

Exhibit

Noun: physical/documentary evidence

"--- clearly shows the timeline of events."

Affidavit

Noun: written statement under oath

진술서

"She submitted an --- confirming her whereabouts."

Deposition

Noun: An out-of-court oral or written statement made under oath by a witness or party.

Subpoena

Noun: an official legal order that commands a person to go to a court or turn over documents

소환

Verb: summon (someone)

"She was served with a --- to testify."

"the Queen is above the law and cannot be ---"

Intent

Noun: purpose behind an action

Negligence

Noun: failure to take proper care

"The plaintiff claims --- caused the injury."

Due process

Noun: the legal requirement that fair procedures be followed

"The defense argued that rushing the case violated ---."

Presumption of innocence

Noun: assumed innocent until proven guilty

"Media coverage can undermine the ---."

Double jeopardy

Noun: cannot be tried twice for same crime

"The court dismissed the case on grounds of ."

Prosecution

Noun: party bringing criminal charges (in criminal court)

Defense

Noun: party representing the accused

Cross examination

Noun: questioning opposing witness

Direct examination

Noun: questioning your own witness

Objection

Noun: challenge to evidence/question

Precedent

Noun: past case used to guide decisions

"The judge relied on --- to reach the decision."

Appeal

Noun: request to review a decision

"The defense filed an --- immediately after the verdict."

Injunction

Noun: court order to stop/do something

"The court issued an --- to halt construction."

Settlement

Noun: an agreement reached between parties to resolve a case without a trial

"She accepted a —— to avoid a lengthy court battle."

Dismissal

Noun: when a case is thrown out by the court

"The judge ordered a —- due to lack of evidence."

Acquittal

Noun: a formal finding that the defendant is not guilty

"Lack of evidence led to his ---."

trial court, district court, state court

1심

court of appeals

2심

supreme court

3심