CODI 219 chpt 4 and 6

Temporal Bones

There are two temporal bones in the cranial framework.

Parietal Bones

There are two parietal bones in the cranial framework.

Occipital Bone

There is one occipital bone in the cranial framework.

Frontal Bone

There is one frontal bone in the cranial framework.

Sphenoid Bone

There is one sphenoid bone in the cranial framework.

Ethmoid Bone

There is one ethmoid bone in the cranial framework.

Maxillary Bones

There are two maxillary bones in the facial framework.

Palatine Bones

There are two L-shaped palatine bones that form the back of the floor of the nasal cavity.

Vomer Bone

There is one vomer bone in the facial framework.

Inferior Nasal Conchae

There are two inferior nasal conchae which make up the lower walls of the nasal cavities.

Lacrimal Bones

There are two lacrimal bones in the facial framework.

Nasal Bones

There are two nasal bones that form the bridge of the outer nose.

Zygomatic Bones

There are two zygomatic bones that make up our cheek bones.

Mandible

There is one mandible which is the moveable facial bone.

Pharynx

The pharynx is continuous with the esophagus at the lower end and has an oval shape, made of connective tissue at the top and muscle tissue that increases towards the bottom.

nasopharynx

The nasopharynx contains the auditory tubes and nasopharyngeal tonsil; its lower boundary is at the level of the hard palate.

Oropharynx

The oropharynx's lower boundary is at the hyoid bone and contains the palatine tonsils and lingual tonsil.

Velum

The velum means 'curtains' and consists of the soft palate and uvula, covered with connective tissue.

Nasal Cavities

Nasal cavities, also called nasal fossae, consist of two chambers separated by the nasal septum.

Nasal Vestibule

The nasal vestibule is the front part of the nasal cavities.

Paranasal Sinuses

Paranasal sinuses are air-filled spaces around the nasal cavity; the sphenoid sinus is located within the sphenoid bone.

Passive Force

Passive force refers to the recoil of muscles, cartilages, and connective tissues, including surface tension.

The ________ is a muscular tube that is wider at its top than bottom and oval in cross section (wider side to side than front to back)

pharynx (fer.inks)

The 3 DIVISIONS OF THE PHARYNX, from top to bottom are the

1) nasopharynx 2) oropharynx 3) laryngopharynx

Active

Pharyngeal muscles (laryngopharynx, oropharynx)

Mandibular muscles

_______ muscles

Lip muscles

superior constrictor

originates in the front of the pharyngeal.

tube posterior pharygeal wall

Middle constrictor (muscle of pharynx)

originates from greater and lesser horns of hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament and inserts into the median raphe of the posterior wall

Inferior constrictor

originates from sides of the thyroid and cricoid cartilages and inserts onto the median raphe of the wall posterior pharyngeal wall

Has 2 parts:

thyopharyngeus (upper)

cricopharyngeus (lower)

superior, middle, and inferior constrictors:

pull pharyngeal wall inward and forward to constrict pharyngeal tube

salpingopharyngeus

pulls the lateral pharyngeal walls upward and inward

stylopharyngeus

superior and middle constrictor

• pulls up on the pharynx and pulls the lateral walls outward (widens the pharynx)

platopharyngeus

pulls inward on upper pharyngeal walls and upward on lower lateral pharyngeal walls (with velum fixed)

Muscles of the velum (palatal levator)

originates from the petrous portion of the temporal bone and cartilgnous portion of auditory tube and insets on the side of the velum at 45 degree angle and spreads out to form middle bulk of velum.

• draws the velum upward and backward

Uvulus muscle (muscle of velum)

originates from the side of the posterior nasal spine and behind hard palate

• can shorten, lift, and increase the bulk

glossopalatine (muscle of velum and tongue)

originates from side of tongue and inserts into connective tissue

• pulls downward and forward on the velum (with the tongue fixed)

Pharyngopalatine muscle

pulls downward and backward on the velum (with the pharynx fixed)

palatal tensor

dilates the auditory (Eustachian) tube but does not appear to influence the velum

levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

draws the all upward and enlarges the nairs

movement of the pharynx

lengthening /shortening by vertical movements of larynx