Bonding and Molecular Structures

What does organic chemistry study?

Organic materials

but mostly compounds that contain carbon

Vitalism

The early theory that a vital force is required to create organic materials.

This was later disproven as new elements were created in labs, not organically by natural vital forces.

What gave organic chemistry its definition that its ORGANIC chemistry?

1828,

a dude named Friedrich Wohler showed that urea could be made from inorganic materials,

which made everyone be like, omg, chemistry can happen outside of the natural plane? No way! We must come up with super creative ways to distinguish between the two. What about Inorganic and organic chemistry?

Why is carbon unique?

• It can bond to itself to form really long chains

• it can form branched chains

• its long chains can connect on the ends to form rings

These tend to lose electrons to get a noble gas configuration, which means they’re ___

Elements on the far-left side of the periodic table

these are electropositive or CATIONS

These tend to gain electrons to get a noble has configuration, which means they’re ___

Elements on the far-right side of the periodic table

these are electronegative or ANIONS

What are the central premises of ochem?

• a molecule’s structure determines its properties

• Atoms in molecules follow predictable bonding patterns.

VSEPR Theory

The theory that says that electron pairs around each other, so they arrange themselves as far as posible.

Constitutional Isomers

They are the compunds with the same molecular formula but different molecular structures.

Cis/trans Isomers

these are compounds with the same molecular structure BUT different orientation.

If groups are on the same side, they are cis isomers

If the groups are on opposite sides, they are trans isomers.