Med Term Chapter 9 Urinary System

-cele

-cele

hernia, tumor, swelling

cyst/o

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

dia-

through, between, apart, complete

glomerul/o

glomerulus

hydr/o

water

lith/o

stone, calculus

lysis

breakdown, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

nephr/o, ren/o

kidney

pyel/o

renal pelvis, bowl of kidney

-tripsy

to crush

ur/o, urin/o

urine, urinary tract

ureter/o

ureter

urethr/o

urethra

-uria

urination, urine

vesic/o

urinary bladder

ablation (ab-LAY-shun)

the term used to describe some types of treatment of prostate cancer; involves the removal of a body part or the destruction of its function through the use of surgery, hormones, drugs, heat, chemicals, electrocautery, or other methods.

acute renal failure

sudden onset of kidney failure that may be caused by the kidneys not receiving enough blood.

anuria (ah-NEW-ree-ah)

the absence of urine formation by the kidneys.

benign prostatic hyperplasia

abnormal enlargement of the prostate gland often found in men over 50.

chronic kidney disease

the progressive loss of renal function over months or years.

cystitis (sis-TYE-tis)

inflammation of the bladder.

cystocele (SIS-toh-seel)

a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall.

cystolith (SIS-toh-lith)

a stone located within the urinary bladder.

cystoscopy (sis-TOS-koh-pee)

the visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope.

dialysis (dye-AL-ih-sis)

a procedure to remove waste products from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function.

diuresis (dye-you-REE-sis)

the increased output of urine.

dysuria (dis-YOU-ree-ah)

difficult or painful urination.

ectopic kidney

congenital condition in which one kidney is located in an abnormal position or has fused with the other kidney.

edema (eh-DEE-mah)

swelling caused by excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases.

end-stage renal disease

the final stage of chronic kidney disease.

epispadias (ep-ih-SPAY-dee-as)

a congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In the male this opening is located on the upper surface of the penis; in the female with epispadias, the urethral opening is in the region of the clitoris.

extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ecks-trah-kor-POUR-ee-al shock-wayv LITH-oh-trip-see)

the destruction of kidney stones using high-energy ultrasonic waves traveling through water or gel.

glomerulonephritis (gloh-mer-you-loh-neh-FRY-tis)

a type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli that causes red blood cells and proteins to leak into the urine.

hemodialysis (hee-moh-dye-AL-ih-sis)

a process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood.

hydronephrosis (high-droh-neh-FROH-sis)

the dilation of one or both kidneys.

hydroureter (high-droh-YOUR-eh-ter)

the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because of a ureteral obstruction.

hyperproteinuria (high-per-proh-tee-in-YOU-ree-ah)

the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine.

hypoproteinemia

the presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in the blood.

hypospadias (high-poh-SPAY-dee-as)

the congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. In the male with hypospadias, the urethral opening is on the underside of the penis; In the female with hypospadias, the urethra opens into the vagina.

incontinence (in-KON-tih-nents)

the inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both.

interstitial cystitis (in-ter-STISH-al sis-TYE-tis)

inflammation of the bladder.

intravenous pyelogram (PYE-eh-loh-gram)

a set of x-ray images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.

nephrolith (NEF-roh-lith)

a stone located in the kidney.

nephrolithiasis (nef-roh-lih-THIGH-ah-sis)

the presence of stones in the kidney.

nephrolysis (neh-FROL-ih-sis)

surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions.

nephrons (NEF-ronz)

the microscopic functional units of each kidney.

nephropathy (neh-FROP-ah-thee)

any disease of the kidney.

nephrostomy (neh-FROS-toh-me)

the placement of a catheter to maintain an opening between the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body.

nephrotic syndrome (neh-FROT-ick)

a group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost in the urine.

neurogenic bladder (new-roh-JEN-ick)

a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination.

nocturia (nock-TOO-ree-ah)

frequent and excessive urination during the night.

nocturnal enuresis (en-you-REE-sis)

urinary incontinence during sleep.

oliguria (ol-ih-GOO-ree-ah)

scanty urination.

percutaneous nephrolithotomy (per-kyou-TAY-nee-us nef-roh-lih-THOT-oh-mee)

surgical removal of a kidney stone through a small incision in the back.

peritoneal dialysis (pehr-ih-toh-NEE-al dye-AL-ih-sis)

dialysis in which the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood.

polycystic kidney disease (pol-ee-SIS-tick)

a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys.

polyuria (pol-ee-YOU-ree-ah)

excessive urination.

prostatism (PROS-tah-tizm)

a disorder resulting from compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.

pyelonephritis (pye-eh-loh-neh-FRY-tis)

inflammation of the renal pelvis and of the kidney.

pyelotomy (pye-eh-LOT-oh-mee)

a surgical incision into the renal pelvis.

renal colic

acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone.

suprapubic catheterization (soo-prah-PYOU-bick kath-eh-ter-eye-ZAY-shun)

the placement of a urinary catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall above the pubic bone.

transurethral prostatectomy

the removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope.

uremia (you-REE-mee-ah)

a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood.

ureterolith (you-REE-ter-oh-lith)

a stone located anywhere along the ureter.

ureterorrhagia (you-ree-ter-oh-RAY-jee-ah)

the discharge of blood from the ureter.

urethritis (you-reh-THRIGH-tis)

inflammation of the urethra.

urethroplasty (you-REE-throh-plas-tee)

surgical repair of damage or a defect of the walls of the urethra.

urethrorrhagia (you-ree-throh-RAY-jee-ah)

bleeding from the urethra.

urethrostenosis (you-ree-throh-steh-NOH-sis)

narrowing of the urethra.

urethrotomy (you-reh-THROT-oh-mee)

a surgical incision into the urethra.

urinary catheterization

the insertion of a flexible plastic tube called a catheter into the bladder to withdraw urine for diagnostic purposes, to allow urine to drain freely, or to place a fluid such as a chemotherapy solution.

vesicovaginal fistula (ves-ih-koh-VAJ-ih-nahl FIS-tyou-lah)

an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina.

voiding cystourethrography (sis-toh-you-ree-THROG-rah-fee)

a diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra.

Wilms tumor

a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children.