Chemistry 12 Unit 1: Reaction Rates and Factors

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Last updated 3:30 PM on 9/19/26
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9 Terms

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How do Compounds react?

Main factors —→ rxn proceeds —→

  • Geometry for bonding

  • Energy for bonding

  • Amount needed of each reactant


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The Collision

  • When two compounds collide, not all atoms are electronically compatible

  • Atoms must collide for rxn to occur


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Activation Energy

After collision, no reaction unless enough kinetic energy — activation energy: minimum energy required for rxn to occur

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Energy

A) E within bonds of a molecule — PE — Relates to the stability of a molecule; lower PE, more stable.

B) E of the surroundings/environment — provides KE to the molecule

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Graph of an Exothermic Reaction

  • Release heat to its surroundings (hot)

  • Enthalpy change is negative

  • If +energy is on the product side, it is exothermic


<ul><li><p>Release heat to its surroundings (hot)</p></li><li><p>Enthalpy change is negative</p></li><li><p>If +energy is on the product side, it is exothermic</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Graph of an Endothermic Reaction

  • Absorbs heat from surroundings (cold)

  • Enthalpy change is positive

  • If +energy is on the reactant side, it is an endothermic equation


<ul><li><p>Absorbs heat from surroundings (cold)</p></li><li><p>Enthalpy change is positive</p></li><li><p>If +energy is on the reactant side, it is an endothermic equation</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Example of Ionic Equation/Dissociation

Ions that cancel out have the same concentration as the rxn proceeds (because they don’t get used up)

<p>Ions that cancel out have the same concentration as the rxn proceeds (because they don’t get used up)</p>
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Maxwell — Boltzmann Distribution Curve

  • Curve shows the total number of particles that possess the required energy for a rxn to occur

  • Area under the curve measures the total number of particles present


<ul><li><p>Curve shows the total number of particles that possess the required energy for a rxn to occur</p></li><li><p>Area under the curve measures the total number of particles present</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Enthalpy

Enthalpy (H): the heat content of a reaction

System: the reactants and products in a reaction.

Enthalpy of Reaction: the difference between the enthalpies of the products and the enthalpies of the reactants (Hproducts - Hreactants)