Overview of Brain Structure and Functions

Forebrain

Largest brain division, includes cerebrum and diencephalon.

Cerebrum

Accounts for two-thirds of brain's mass.

Telencephalon

Forebrain subdivision containing the cerebral cortex.

Diencephalon

Relays sensory information, connects endocrine and nervous systems.

Cerebral Cortex

Processes sensory info, controls motor functions, higher-order functions.

Frontal Lobes

Involved in voluntary movement, memory, decision-making.

Parietal Lobes

Processes sensory information, contains somatosensory cortex.

Occipital Lobes

Processes visual information from the retina.

Temporal Lobes

Organizes sensory input, aids in memory and language.

Thalamus

Connects sensory perception areas with other brain parts.

Hypothalamus

Controls autonomic functions, regulates hormones and emotions.

Midbrain

Connects forebrain to hindbrain, regulates movement and processing.

Brainstem

Connects spinal cord with cerebrum, includes midbrain and hindbrain.

Substantia Nigra

Produces dopamine, controls voluntary movement and mood.

Hindbrain

Regulates autonomic functions, balance, and movement coordination.

Metencephalon

Upper hindbrain region containing pons and cerebellum.

Pons

Connects cerebrum with medulla and cerebellum, controls sleep.

Cerebellum

Coordinates fine movement, balance, and muscle tone.

Myelencephalon

Lower hindbrain region, includes medulla oblongata.

Medulla Oblongata

Relays signals, regulates breathing, heart rate, reflexes.