PEH - Prelims (Chapter 1)

Physical activity

involves any bodily movement caused by muscular contractions that result in the expenditure of energy.

Exercise

a planned program of physical activities usually designed to improve physical fitness with the purpose of increasing physical fitness level.

Physical Activity Pyramid

shows day-to-day activities such as walking and using the stairs are the foundation in becoming physically active.

National Guidelines for Physical Activity

provides a more detailed instruction on the type and duration of activities for each age group.

Physical fitness

is a condition that allows the body to effectively cope with the demands of daily activities.

Aerobic capacity

ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen and nutrients to the working muscles efficiently in order to sustain prolonged rhythmical exercises.

Muscular strength

ability of the muscle to generate the greatest force.

Muscular endurance

ability of the muscle to resist fatigue when performing multiple repetitions of a submaximal load.

Flexibility

ability to move a joint without pain over its entire range of motion.

Body composition

refers to the total make-up of the body using the cincept of two component models: lean body mass and body fat.

Aerobic exercise

involve large muscle groups (e.g., thighs) that perform rhythmic and continuous movemnet for a prolonged period of time in order to improve aerobic capacity.

Resistance exercise

requires the muscle to contract against an external load (e.g., barbell) in order to improve muscular strength, muscular endurance, and bone strength.

Stretching exercise

increase the elasticity of muslces and tendons surrounding the joint in order to improve flexibility.E

Endorphins

“feel-good” brain chemicals

Physical inactivity

one of the major risk factors in developing noncommunicable diseases such as heart disease and Type 2 diabetes.