Form and Function

What are the three functions of human teeth?

Mastication, phonetics, and esthetics

How many lobes in the anterior teeth? What are the names?

4; distolabial, middle labial, mesiolabial, and lingual

What are developmental depressions?

Two shallow depressions that separate the labial lobes on anterior teeth

What are mamelons?

Three distinct facial lobes on erupting incisors that get worn over time

How many lobes do premolars have? What are the names?

4; mesiobuccal, middle bucal, distobuccal, and lingual lobe

What is the exception of lobes for premolars?

Mandibular second premolar has 5 lobes (3 buccal, 2 lingual)

How many lobes do maxillary premolars have? What are the names?

4; mesiobuccal, middle buccal, distobuccal, and lingual

How many lobes do mandibular second premolars have? What are the names?

5; mesiobuccal, middle buccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual

How many lobes to maxillary molars have? What are the names?

4; mesiobuccal, distobuccal, mesiolingual, distolingual

What is an exception for maxillary molars?

They may have a 5th lobe lingual to mesiolingual lobe (Cusp of Carabelli)

How many lobes do mandibular first molars have? What are the names?

5; mesiobuccal, distobuccal, distal, mesiolingual, and distolingual

What is the height of contour and its benefit?

It is the area of greatest bulge or contour on the inciso/occluso-cervical dimension. It protects the gingiva and periodontium

Where is the height of contour on the facial surface of teeth?

Cervical 1/3 of all teeth

What is the height of contour on the lingual surface of teeth?

cervical 1/3 of anterior teeth, but middle or occlusal 1/3 of posterior teeth

How are the contact areas of anterior teeth in the facial-lingual direction?

Centered

How are the contact areas of posterior teeth in the facial-lingual direction?

Buccal of center

Whats the relationship between contact area and the further you posterior you go?

Contact area becomes more cervical and increases

What is the importance of proximal contact areas?

Prevents food from packing between teeth, stabilizes arches, distribute forces

What is the relationship between incisal/occlusal embrasure size and anterior/posterior location?

Embrasure size increases as you go anterior to posterior

What is the relationship between gingical/cervical embrasure size and anterior/posterior location?

Embrasure sizes decreases as you go from anterior to posterior

How are incisal/occlusal embrasure forms relative to each other in anterior teeth?

Nearly equal

How are incisal/occlusal embrasure forms relative to each other in anterior teeth?

Lingual is normally larger than buccal

What are interproximal spaces?

Triangular-shaped spaces between proximal surfaces that are filled with gingival tissue, called interdental papilla

What are lobes separated by?

Grooves

What does the junction of 2 or more grooves?

Pits

From the facial and lingual aspect, what is the general form of all permanent teeth?

Trapezoidal

From the mesial and distal surfaces, what is general form of anterior teeth?

Triangular

From the mesial and distal surfaces, what is the general form of maxillary posterior teeth?

Trapezoidal

From the mesial and distal surfaces, what is the general form of mandibular posterior teeth?

Rhomboidal

What is the cervical line curvature on facial and lingual surfaces?

Convex to root

What is the cervical line curvature on facial and lingual surfaces?

Convex toward crown

Where are curves more pronounced?

The midline

What is the inclination of root for maxillary anterior teeth?

Great towards lingual, slight toward mesial

What is the exception inclination of root for maxillary anterior teeth?

Canine roots incline slightly distally

What is the inclination of the root for mandibular anterior teeth?

Great lingual, but nearly straight mesiodistally

What is the exception inclination of root for mandibular anterior teeth?

Canine roots incline slightly distally

What is the inclination for maxillary molars?

Great lingual, moderate toward mesial (crown tips opposite)

What is the inclination for mandibular molars?

Moderate/great towards buccal and distal (crown tips opposite)

What is the purpose of the inclination of our teeth?

Stabilize and protect arch, while providing effective forces of mastication

What is the curve of spree?

2D upward curve following cusp tips posteriorlt

What is the curve of wilson?

2-D curve of occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth in mediolateral directoi

What is the benefit of the curve of wilson?

It complements the path of condyle during mandible movement

What is the combination of the curve of spee and curve of wilson?

Sphere of monson