Respiratory

Definition of Acute Bronchitis?

Inflammation of the bronchi.

What is different regarding the cough of someone with acute bronchitis?

Initially dry, progressing to productive with clear, white, or yellow sputum.

How do you diagnosis Acute Bronchitis? (2)

Primarily clinical; chest X-ray (CXR) if pneumonia is suspected.

Management of Acute Bronchitis (2)

Pain relief and antibiotics if a bacterial infection is present.

What is the definition of Bronchiectasis?

Dilation of the bronchi.

Aetiology of Bronchiectasis + examples (5)

Chronic inflammation, post-infection (e.g., TB, pneumonia), immunodeficiency (e.g., HIV), connective tissue disorders (e.g., Marfan’s, RA, SLE), and congenital conditions (e.g., CF).

Clinical features of Bronchiectasis

Persistent cough with purulent, copious sputum, chest pain, dyspnoea, haemoptysis, coarse crackles on early inspiration, and wheeze.

Diagnosis of Bronchiectasis and what does it show? (3)

High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) showing bronchial dilation and wall thickening.

Management of Bronchiectasis

Use of bronchodilators, chest physical therapy, postural drainage, smoking cessation, and immunization against influenza and pneumonia.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A lung disease characterized by chronic bronchitis and emphysema.