D2.3.7 Medical applications of isotonic solutions

What is the molarity of normal saline?

0.154 mol/dm³.

Why is normal saline safe for direct infusion into the bloodstream?

It is isotonic to human blood.

What is the effect of using a hypertonic solution on cells?

It causes cells to lose water and dehydrate.

What is the effect of using a hypotonic solution on cells?

It causes cells to take in water and may make them burst.

Why must isotonic solutions be sterile?

To avoid introducing pathogens that could cause infections.

What is the role of isotonic solutions in wound care?

They rinse wounds without damaging cells.

How do isotonic solutions maintain organ viability during transport?

They can be cooled to slow metabolism and keep the organ stable.

What are intravenous (IV) fluids used for?

Rehydration, delivering medicine, and maintaining blood pressure.

What is the consequence of using an incorrect solution for IV fluids?

It can cause cells to dehydrate or burst, leading to serious problems.

Why are isotonic solutions important for maintaining blood volume?

They help stabilize blood pressure and circulation.

Give an example of how an organ is preserved using isotonic solutions.

A donor liver can be stored in a cold isotonic solution to protect its cells.

What precautions are essential for patient safety when using isotonic solutions?

Keeping everything sterile during preparation and use.

List two uses of isotonic solutions in organ transplantation.

Preventing cell damage and cooling the organ to slow metabolism.

What is the most common isotonic IV fluid?

Normal saline (0.9% NaCl).

Name three medical uses of isotonic solutions.

Wound care, eye drops, and skin grafts.