Ap world history key term test chapter 1

Paleolithic

The period when humans mainly lived as hunter-gatherers and used simple stone tools.

Pastoral society

A way of life based on raising and herding animals for food and other resources.

Chiefdom

A society ruled by a chief, where people were organized into different levels of status and power.

Patriarchy

A social system where men have more power and authority than women.

Hinduism

A major religion that developed in South Asia, based on ideas such as karma, dharma, and reincarnation.

Upanishads

Ancient Hindu writings that discuss spiritual ideas, including the nature of the self and the universe.

Siddhartha Gautama

The person who became known as the Buddha and whose teachings started Buddhism.

Theravada Buddhism

A form of Buddhism that focuses on the original teachings of the Buddha and personal spiritual development.

Mahayana Buddhism

A form of Buddhism that emphasizes helping all people reach enlightenment, rather than focusing only on yourself.

Bhakti movement

A Hindu movement that focused on personal devotion and love toward a particular god.

Confucianism

A Chinese philosophy that emphasizes family, education, respect, and social order.

Han dynasty

A major Chinese dynasty that helped develop a strong government based partly on Confucian ideas.

Daoism

A Chinese belief system that emphasizes living in harmony with nature and the Dao, or natural way.

Judaism

A monotheistic religion that developed among the ancient Hebrews and is based on a relationship with one God.

Jesus of nazareth

The central figure of Christianity, whose teachings formed the foundation of the religion.

Saint Paul

An important early Christian who helped spread Christianity beyond its original Jewish communities.

Muhammad ibn Abdullah

The prophet of Islam who received the revelations that became the Qur'an.

Quarn

The holy book of Islam, believed by Muslims to contain revelations from God.

Umma

The worldwide community of Muslims.

Ulama

Muslim religious scholars who studied and explained Islamic teachings and law.

Sufism

A form of Islamic spirituality that focuses on developing a close personal relationship with God.

silk roads

Land-based trade routes connecting East Asia with Central Asia, the Middle East, and Europe.

sea roads

Maritime trade routes across the Indian Ocean and surrounding seas that connected many regions.

Sand roads

Trade routes across the Sahara Desert connecting North and West Africa with other regions.