1. CELLS

biology...more like...biologisilly

What sub cellular structures do animal cells contain?

cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, ribosomes

What is the function of the nucleus?

Controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material

What is the function of the cell membrane?

Controls what goes in and out of the cell

What is the function of the mitochondria?

Provides energy from aerobic respiration

What is the function of the cytoplasm?

Where most chemical reactions take place

What is the function of the ribosomes?

Where protein synthesis occurs

What is protein synthesis?

The process of making proteins

Where in the cell are the mitochondria and ribosomes located?

In the cytoplasm

Why can't you see the mitochondria and cytoplasm with a light microscope?

Since they are too small

What sub cellular structures do plant cells contain?

mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, nucleus

What is the function of the chloroplasts?

Site of photosynthesis

What is photosynthesis?

The absorption of light energy to produce glucose or food

What is the function of the cell wall?

It strengthens the cell and supports its structure

What is the cell wall made of in plants?

Cellulose

What is the function of the vacuole?

It provides support for the cell

What does the vacuole contain?

Cell sap, made of nutrients and minerals

What is a eukaryotic cell?

A cell with a nucleus

What types of cell are eukaryotic?

Plant and animal cells

What is a prokaryotic cell?

A cell without a nucleus

What types of cells are prokaryotic?

Bacteria cells

If prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei, where do they store their genetic material?

It floats freely around the cytoplasm

How is the DNA stored in bacteria cells?

Either in plasmids or in a single DNA loop

What is a plasmid?

Small circular rings of DNA, found only in bacteria cells

What sub cellular structures do bacteria cells contain?

Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell wall, plasmids

What is the cell wall made of in bacteria cells?

Peptidoglycan

Are the ribosomes in bacteria cells bigger or smaller than in animal and plant cells?

Smaller

Are bacteria cells bigger or smaller than animal and plant cells?

Smaller

What is magnification?

the number of times larger an image is compared to the actual size of the object being viewed

What is resolution?

The ability to distinguish between two separate points

How does a light microscope work?

Using light rays

What is the max magnification of a light microscope?

x2000

What is the resolution of a light microscope?

200nm

Advantages of a light microscope?

• cheap

• can be used almost anywhere

• can be used to see both living and dead things

Disadvantages of a light microscope?

Low magnification, low resolution

How much is the max magnification for an electron microscope?

2,000,000

What is the resolution of an electron microscope?

0.2nm

How does an electron microscope work?

By using electrons

What are the advantages of an electron microscope?

• High resolution and magnification

• can see the internals of cells and subcellular structures

What are the disadvantages of an electron microscope?

• Big

• expensive

• specimens have to be dead

What is the formula to find the magnification on a microscope?

image/actual = magnification

What is differentiation?

The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its function

When do most animal cells differentiate?

in an early stage

When do most plant cells differentiate?

All throughout their lives