CELLS
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biology...more like...biologisilly
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43 Terms
What sub cellular structures do animal cells contain?
cell membrane, nucleus, mitochondria, cytoplasm, ribosomes
What is the function of the nucleus?
Controls the activities of the cell and contains the genetic material
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Controls what goes in and out of the cell
What is the function of the mitochondria?
Provides energy from aerobic respiration
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
Where most chemical reactions take place
What is the function of the ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis occurs
What is protein synthesis?
The process of making proteins
Where in the cell are the mitochondria and ribosomes located?
In the cytoplasm
Why can't you see the mitochondria and cytoplasm with a light microscope?
Since they are too small
What sub cellular structures do plant cells contain?
mitochondria, cell membrane, ribosomes, cytoplasm, cell wall, chloroplasts, vacuole, nucleus
What is the function of the chloroplasts?
Site of photosynthesis
What is photosynthesis?
The absorption of light energy to produce glucose or food
What is the function of the cell wall?
It strengthens the cell and supports its structure
What is the cell wall made of in plants?
Cellulose
What is the function of the vacuole?
It provides support for the cell
What does the vacuole contain?
Cell sap, made of nutrients and minerals
What is a eukaryotic cell?
A cell with a nucleus
What types of cell are eukaryotic?
Plant and animal cells
What is a prokaryotic cell?
A cell without a nucleus
What types of cells are prokaryotic?
Bacteria cells
If prokaryotic cells do not have nuclei, where do they store their genetic material?
It floats freely around the cytoplasm
How is the DNA stored in bacteria cells?
Either in plasmids or in a single DNA loop
What is a plasmid?
Small circular rings of DNA, found only in bacteria cells
What sub cellular structures do bacteria cells contain?
Cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, cell wall, plasmids
What is the cell wall made of in bacteria cells?
Peptidoglycan
Are the ribosomes in bacteria cells bigger or smaller than in animal and plant cells?
Smaller
Are bacteria cells bigger or smaller than animal and plant cells?
Smaller
What is magnification?
the number of times larger an image is compared to the actual size of the object being viewed
What is resolution?
The ability to distinguish between two separate points
How does a light microscope work?
Using light rays
What is the max magnification of a light microscope?
x2000
What is the resolution of a light microscope?
200nm
Advantages of a light microscope?
cheap
can be used almost anywhere
can be used to see both living and dead things
Disadvantages of a light microscope?
Low magnification, low resolution
How much is the max magnification for an electron microscope?
2,000,000
What is the resolution of an electron microscope?
0.2nm
How does an electron microscope work?
By using electrons
What are the advantages of an electron microscope?
High resolution and magnification
can see the internals of cells and subcellular structures
What are the disadvantages of an electron microscope?
Big
expensive
specimens have to be dead
What is the formula to find the magnification on a microscope?
image/actual = magnification
What is differentiation?
The process by which a cell changes to become specialised for its function
When do most animal cells differentiate?
in an early stage
When do most plant cells differentiate?
All throughout their lives