Mgt 305 - OB - Chapter 4

Perception

A cognitive process that enables people to interpret and understand their surroundings is called ________________.

retrieval and response

Which stage of social perception involves turning mental perceptions into real-world judgments and decisions?

Cognitive load, gender and emotional status, direction of gaze

Characteristics of the perceiver include

Implicit cognition

Any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness are examples of

False

True or False:
Stereotypes are always negative

perception

Object recognition is a major function of _______.

1- selective attention / comprehension
2- encoding and simplification
3- storage and retention
4- retrieval and response

Stages of Social Perception in order

Needs and goals, direction of gaze, experience with target

Name some key perceiver characteristics that affect our perceptions of others?

1- Categorization
2- Interferences
3- Expectations
4- Maintenance

What are the steps in the process of stereotyping

• It comes from people's memory.

  incorrect

• It happens without conscious awareness.

  correct

• It can lead to biased decisions.

  correct

Which of the following are true concerning implicit cognition?

Multiple select question.

• It comes from people's memory.

  incorrect

• It happens without conscious awareness.

  correct

• It can lead to biased decisions.

  correct

• It is a deliberate mental action.

They are an individual's feelings about a group of people.

Which of the following is true of stereotypes?

Multiple choice question.

They are always accurate.

They are an individual's feelings about a group of people.

They are always negative.

They are formed through conscious awareness.

providing education about how stereotypes work

Managers can reduce the effect of stereotypes by

Multiple choice question.

making sure diverse groups avoid each other to reduce conflict.

providing education about how stereotypes work.

assigning employees to tasks that most closely fit the associated stereotype.

downplaying awareness of stereotypes so people are less likely to use them.

Perception

A cognitive process that enables people to interpret and understand their surroundings is called _________________.

suspected causes of behavior

Causal attributions refer to what?

Retrieval and Response

Which stage of social perception involves turning mental perceptions into real-world judgments and decisions?

Attribution theory says behavior can be caused by external or internal influences.

Ability is an internal factor.

The three dimensions of behavior vary independently in the creation of attributions.

Which of the following statements regarding attribution theory are true?

Multiple select question.

The three dimensions of behavior are repetitiveness, social value, and gratification.

Attribution theory says behavior can be caused by external or internal influences.

Ability is an internal factor.

The three dimensions of behavior vary independently in the creation of attributions.

1- Categorization
2- Interferences
3- Expectations
4- Maintenance

Rank the four steps in the stereotyping process with the first step at the top.

fundamental attribution

One's tendency to blame another person's behavior on that person's personal characteristics as opposed to situational influences is known as _________ __________ bias.

implicit cognition.

Any thoughts or beliefs that are automatically activated from memory without our conscious awareness are examples of _________?

The way employees perform depends on the attributions they make for their performance.

Attributional biases can lead to inappropriate managerial action and, subsequently, decreased employee motivation and performance.

The role of internal causes of behavior is usually exaggerated.

Which of the following are true considering managerial implications of attributional tendencies?

Multiple select question.

The way employees perform depends on the attributions they make for their performance.

Attributional biases can lead to inappropriate managerial action and, subsequently, decreased employee motivation and performance.

The role of external causes of behavior is usually exaggerated.

The role of internal causes of behavior is usually exaggerated.

• creating opportunities for diverse employees to work together as equals

• educating employees about how stereotypes influence behavior

• encouraging employees to increase their awareness of stereotypes

The ways managers can work to reduce stereotyping include:

Demographics

The statistical measurements of populations and their qualities, such as age, gender, race, and income over time are _____________?

attribution

The premise that people infer causes for observed behavior is the basis of ______ theory.

internal ; external

Heider's attribution theory proposed that behavior can be attributed to either _________ factors, such as ability, or ________ factors, such as a difficult task.

attribution

The fundamental _________ bias leads people to disregard environmental influences on behavior.

Diversity

___________ represents the multitude of individual differences and similarities that exist among people

attributional

Managers should remember that __________ biases may lead them to misinterpret employee behavior and take inappropriate actions.

negatively impact the people they are designed to help

Research has shown that affirmative action programs ___________.

demographics

The statistical measurements of populations and their qualities such as age, gender, race, and income over time are _______________

is a good business move

Managing diversity and targeting specific demographics __________-

suspected causes of behavior.

Causal attributions refer to

• The three dimensions of behavior vary independently in the creation of attributions.

• Ability is an internal factor.

• Attribution theory says behavior can be caused by external or internal influences.

Which of the following statements regarding attribution theory are true?

The three dimensions of behavior vary independently in the creation of attributions.

Ability is an internal factor.

The three dimensions of behavior are repetitiveness, social value, and gratification.

Attribution theory says behavior can be caused by external or internal influences.

glass ceiling

The _____________ is an unseen barrier that stops women from advancing to higher-level positions.

diversity

The array of individual differences and similarities to be found among people represents:

• inaccurate stereotypes

• prejudice

• ethnocentrism

Select barriers to implementing successful diversity programs.:

inaccurate stereotypes

prejudice

management buy in to programs

ethnocentrism

can be voluntary or mandatory

Affirmative action programs _____.

include/exclude

The ______ / ________ option in Thomas' framework has the goal to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people at all levels of the firm.

• moral

• social

• legal

Reasons for managing diversity go beyond its _____, ____ or _____ dimensions.

attribution

The premise that people infer causes for observed behavior is the basis of ______ theory.

True

True or false: In early 2019, the U.S. Supreme Court allowed President Trump’s ban on transgender persons in the military to proceed, which meant that most transgender persons were disqualified from military service.

glass ceiling

An invisible barrier that restrains women from reaching higher-level positions is called the:

others' perceptions of you.

Your personal and professional success most heavily depends on

Diversity Climate

a subcomponent of an organization's overall atmosphere as defined by employees' aggregate perceptions about the firms diversity related format structure characteristics and informal values.

Psychological Safety

the extent to which people feel comfortable to express their ideas and beliefs without fear of negative consequences

include/exclude

Which generic action option is an outgrowth of affirmative action programs and attempts to either increase or decrease the number of diverse people throughout an organization?

• valuing them

• supporting them

• including them

Organizations compete more effectively when employees feel their managers are doing which of the following?

is a good business move.

Managing diversity and targeting specific demographics

• maintaining an inclusive culture

• assisting with taxes imposed on same-sex couples in states that did not recognize same-sex marriage

• offering transgender-inclusive health insurance

Which of the following are methods that have been used by major corporations to respond to issues regarding sexual orientation and transgender rights?

Just be yourself.

What is the best way to celebrate your uniqueness while remembering that some people are uncomfortable with individual differences?

• Poor career planning

• Unsupportive or hostile work environment

• Negative diversity climate

Select barriers to implementing successful diversity programs.

fundamental attribution bias

Which type of bias contributes the most to managers inaccurately evaluating a job applicant's suitability for a job?

others' perceptions of you.

Your personal and professional success most heavily depends on_________________