fiqh hanafi

What does the word Fiqh literally mean?

Understanding.

What does Fiqh refer to in Islamic terms?

The understanding of the practical rulings of Islam — how we pray fast buy and sell marry judge and live in accordance with Allah's guidance.

What does Fiqh deal with?

Practical Islamic rulings.

What does a person who studies Fiqh learn?

How to derive and apply Islamic rulings.

What does Fiqh help Muslims with?

Understand how to worship correctly.

What is the definition of Fiqh?

Fiqh is the understanding of the practical rulings of Islam — how we pray fast buy and sell marry judge and live in accordance with Allah's guidance.

What is the hadith about Fiqh?

"To whom Allah wishes good He grants understanding (Fiqh) of the religion." (Bukhari & Muslim).

Why do we need Fiqh?

Not every ruling in Islam is written as a clear command in the Qur'an. The Qur'an tells us to pray but does not detail how many rak'āt each prayer has or how to perform sujūd. That understanding comes from the Sunnah and the deep study of scholars — which is what we call Fiqh.

Name the Four Imams of Fiqh.

Imam Abu Hanifah Imam Malik Imam al-Shafi'i Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal.

Which Imam founded the Hanafi school?

Imam Abu Hanifah.

Which Imam compiled Al-Muwatta?

Imam Malik.

Which Imam was known as Imām al-A'zam (The Great Imam)?

Imam Abu Hanifah.

Which Imam was the first to systematically organize the principles of Islamic law (Usul al-Fiqh)?

Imam al-Shafi'i.

Which Imam was known for his incredible memorization of hadith — over one million by some accounts?

Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal.

Which Imam wrote the book Al-Risalah which remains a foundation in Islamic legal theory?

Imam al-Shafi'i.

What is the school of Imam Abu Hanifah called?

Hanafi.

What is the school of Imam Malik called?

Maliki.

What is the school of Imam al-Shafi'i called?

Shafi'i.

What is the school of Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal called?

Hanbali.

Where did Imam Abu Hanifah live and teach?

Kufah (Iraq).

Where did Imam Malik live and teach?

Madinah.

Where did Imam al-Shafi'i live and teach?

Makkah then Egypt.

Where did Imam Ahmad ibn Hanbal live and teach?

Baghdad.

What did Imam al-Shafi'i say about the differences among scholars?

"The differences among scholars are a mercy for the Ummah."

What is the correct attitude towards all four Imams?

Respect them all as their differences are a mercy.

What is the ruling on respecting all 4 schools of thought?

We must respect all four Imams as they were sincere servants of Allah who sought to preserve the teachings of Islam. Following any of these schools is valid.

What is a Madhhab?

A school of legal thought that organises interpretation of Islamic law.

What is an Imām?

A qualified jurist and teacher who derives rulings from the Qur'an and Sunnah.

What did Imam al-Ghazali say about the layperson and madhhab?

"The layperson has no madhhab his madhhab is the madhhab of his mufti."

What did Imam Ibn al-Qayyim say about Taqleed?

"Whoever is not capable of deriving rulings must follow a scholar who is."

What does the Arabic word Taqleed mean?

To follow.

In Islamic law Taqleed refers to:

Following a qualified scholar.

What does the term Ijtihād mean?

Personal effort to derive rulings.

What is Taqleed?

Taqleed means following a qualified scholar (mujtahid) in matters of Islamic law without demanding personal proof for every ruling.

Why do Muslims need Taqleed?

Not everyone has the knowledge to derive rulings directly from the Qur'an and Sunnah. Just as we follow experts in medicine or law we rely on the Imams who mastered the sciences of Shari'ah.

Why is Taqleed considered Wājib (necessary) for ordinary Muslims?

Most Muslims cannot perform ijtihād or extract rulings directly from the Qur'an and Hadith. The Qur'an commands: "Ask the people of knowledge if you do not know" (16:43). Following a scholar ensures correct understanding and protects from error.

Which verse supports seeking guidance from scholars?

"Ask the people of knowledge if you do not know." (Surah al-Nahl 16:43).

What is required to extract rulings from the Qur'an and Sunnah?

Mastery of Arabic language and grammar knowledge of hundreds of thousands of Ahadith their authenticity and context understanding of abrogation (naskh) consensus (ijmā') and legal principles (usul al-fiqh).

Why do we follow an Imām?

Because they are experts in Qur'an and Sunnah.

What is the wisdom behind following an Imām?

It protects the religion from personal opinions ensures consistency and authenticity in worship allows the average Muslim to practise Islam with peace of mind and honours centuries of scholarship.

What is the difference between Taqleed and blind following?

Taqleed means following a qualified scholar based on trust in their knowledge. Blind following (ta'asub) means refusing truth even when clear evidence appears. Taqleed is guided trust while blind following is stubborn imitation — all four Imams rejected blind following.

What protects the Ummah from confusion and division?

Following the four Madhāhib.

What is the danger of rejecting Taqleed?

Division and confusion.

Which of the following is NOT a reason for Taqleed being Wājib?

To reject the Sunnah.

What is Farḍ (Hanafi definition)?

An action that is decisively proven (through Qur'an or Mutawātir Sunnah). Leaving it deliberately is a major sin and the action is invalid without it.

What are examples of Farḍ?

The five daily prayers Wudū' for salāh Ghusl after janābah 1/40 zakāt on wealth Fasting in Ramaḍān.

What is the consequence of leaving Farḍ?

A major sin the worship does not count and must be made up (qaḍā').

What is Wājib (Hanafi definition)?

An action that is also obligatory but proven through strong non-decisive evidence (e.g. Aḥād ḥadīth). Neglecting it is sinful but slightly lower in level than farḍ.

What are examples of Wājib in Hanafi fiqh?

Witr prayer Eid salah saying takbīr al-tashrīq after Fajr-'Asr Sajdah as-sahw when needed reciting a sūrah after Fātiḥah in the first two rak'ahs.

What is the consequence of leaving Wājib?

Sinful the prayer becomes deficient and sajdah sahw may be required still must be made up (qaḍā') if left intentionally.

What is Sunnah Mu'akkadah?

A practice the Prophet did regularly and rarely missed and encouraged strongly. Leaving it habitually is sinful and blameworthy.

What are examples of Sunnah Mu'akkadah (Hanafi)?

2 sunnah before Fajr 4 sunnah before Zuhr & 2 after Miswāk Adhān & Iqāmah Jumu'ah ghusl.

What is Sunnah Ghayr Mu'akkadah?

An action the Prophet did sometimes not always. Rewarded if done not sinful to leave. Also called Mustahabb or Mandūb.

What are examples of Sunnah Ghayr Mu'akkadah?

4 rak'ah before 'Asr 2 rak'ah before Maghrib extra voluntary tilāwah nafl fasts outside Sunnah days drinking water while sitting.

What is Mustahabb / Mandūb / Nāfilah?

Voluntary actions liked by Allah

doing them earns reward leaving them is not a sin.

What are examples of Mustahabb?

Duha (Chasht) prayer Tahajjud fasting on Mondays & Thursdays smiling giving small charity extra salām sitting in the masjid for dhikr.

What is Mubāḥ?

Neutral actions — neither commanded nor forbidden. No reward unless a good intention is added.

What are examples of Mubāḥ?

Eating permitted food wearing non-silk clothing buying/selling halal items travelling resting.

What is Makrūh Tanzīhī?

Discouraged but not sinful. Leaving it earns reward

doing it is not a major issue.

What are examples of Makrūh Tanzīhī?

Praying nafl when food is ready preferring left hand in permissible acts.

What is Makrūh Taḥrīmī?

Close to haram strongly disliked and sinful to do. Proven by strong but non-definitive texts.

What are examples of Makrūh Taḥrīmī (Hanafi)?

Missing wājib parts of prayer without excuse trading during Jumu'ah Adhān praying after ṣubḥ until sunrise.

What is Ḥarām?

Explicitly forbidden by Qur'an or mutawātir Sunnah. Major sin repentance required.

What are examples of Ḥarām?

Zinā alcohol & drugs interest (ribā) backbiting oppression.

What is the definition of Wudhu?

Wudhu is a ritual purification using water that involves washing specific body parts in a prescribed manner.

What is the background or history of Wudhu?

Wudhu existed before Islam among earlier prophets. It became perfected in Islam taught by Jibril to the Prophet. Made obligatory after Mi'rāj and detailed in Qur'an 5:6. Taught through sunnah with flexibility but clear requirements. It is a spiritual purification where sins fall with the water and a sign of the Ummah.

What does the Qur'an verse 5:6 say about Wudhu?

"O you who believe! When you stand for prayer wash your faces and your hands to the elbows and wipe your heads and wash your feet to the ankles."

When did Wudhu become Farḍ (obligatory)?

After the Night Journey (Isra & Mi'rāj) when the five daily prayers were made obligatory.

What did the Prophet say about purification for prayer?

"No prayer is accepted without purification." (Muslim).

What did the Prophet say about sins leaving during Wudhu?

"When a Muslim washes his face every sin he looked at leaves with the water… when he washes his hands every sin they touched leaves… until he emerges pure from sins." (Muslim).

What did the Prophet say about the Ummah on Qiyāmah regarding Wudhu?

"My ummah will come on Qiyāmah with shining faces and limbs from the effects of wuḍū'." (Bukhari & Muslim).

What is the definition of "washing" in Islamic law?

At least two drops of water must flow over every part of that limb. Wiping with a wet hand or letting only one drop touch the skin does not count as washing.

What are the four Farā'id (obligatory acts) of Wudhu?

1. Washing the face once 2. Washing both arms including the elbows 3. Masḥ (wiping) of the head (at least one-quarter) 4. Washing both feet including the ankles.

What is the ruling if a body part is left unwashed during Wudhu?

Wudhu is invalid and any salah prayed with it is invalid.

When is having Wudhu Wājib?

Performing Salāh performing Sajdah due to Qur'ān recitation touching the Holy Qur'ān performing Ṭawāf of the Ka'bah.

When is having Wudhu Sunnah?

Before Ghusl of Janābah eating drinking or sleeping while in a state of major impurity visiting the Prophet's resting place staying in 'Arafah performing Sa'ī between Safā and Marwah.

When is having Wudhu Mustahabb?

Before going to bed after waking up from sleep before marital relations when feeling angry for reciting the Qur'an orally (without touching it) for touching Islamic/religious books.

What are the 13 Sunnahs of Wudhu?

1. Intention 2. Reciting Bismillah 3. Washing hands 3 times 4. Miswak 3 times 5. Rinsing mouth 3 times 6. Gargling (if not fasting) 7. Sniffing water 3 times 8. Khilal of fingers 9. Khilal of toes 10. Wiping entire head once 11. Wiping ears 12. Correct order 13. Washing before previous part dries.

List Mustahabb 1-5 of Wudhu.

1. Facing the Qiblah 2. Making wudhu at an elevated place 3. Making wudhu while sitting 4. Stroking the body parts while washing them 5. Making wudhu calmly.

List Mustahabb 6-10 of Wudhu.

6. Moistening the body parts prior to washing especially in winter 7. Avoiding taking assistance without need 8. Rinsing the mouth with the right hand 9. Sniffing water with the right hand 10. Using the left hand to clean the nose.

List Mustahabb 11-15 of Wudhu.

11. Inserting the small finger of the left hand into the nostrils 12. Wiping the back of the neck with the back of the fingers 13. Inserting wet little finger into ear openings while wiping 14. Moving ring if loosely fit (if tight it's mandatory) 15. Making wudhu before salah time begins (unless a Shari' Madhur).

List Mustahabb 16-20 of Wudhu.

16. Taking care when washing elbows soles heels ankles corner of eyes and gaps between fingers 17. Keeping ewer at left side (or right side if using a tub/dish) 18. Spreading water over forehead while washing face 19. Enhancing brilliance of face arms and feet 20. Using both hands for washing the face.

List Mustahabb 21-25 of Wudhu.

21. Starting with fingers and toes when washing 22. Wiping droplets from each part after washing 23. Presence of intention in the heart at the time of washing 24. Reciting Salat Alan-Nabi and Kalimah Shahadah besides Bismillah 25. Do not unnecessarily mop washed parts (leave some wetness).

List Mustahabb 26-29 of Wudhu.

26. Do not jerk/shake hands after Wudhu (it is satan's fan) 27. Sprinkling water on the crotch part of trousers 28. Keeping front part of trousers hidden under kurta during Wudhu 29. Offering two Rak'at Nafl Salah after Wudhu (Tahiyyatul-Wudhu) if not a Makruh time.

List Makruh 1-5 of Wudhu.

1. Sitting at an impure place 2. Draining water into an impure place 3. Dripping water into ewer from wet body parts 4. Spitting saliva or phlegm or rinsing mouth in direction of Qiblah 5. Using water in excess (waste).

List Makruh 6-10 of Wudhu.

6. Using so little water that Sunnah cannot be fulfilled 7. Splashing water on the face 8. Blowing onto water while pouring it over the face 9. Washing the face with only one hand (practice of Rawafid and Hindus) 10. Wiping the throat (front part of neck).

List Makruh 11-15 of Wudhu.

11. Rinsing the mouth or sniffing water with the left hand 12. Cleaning the nose with the right hand 13. Wiping the head three times with unused water each time 14. Using hot water heated by the sun 15. Closing the eyes or lips tightly (if they remain unwashed Wudhu invalid).

What is Musta'mal water?

Water that has been used for purification (like wudu or ghusl) and has separated from the body.

When does water become Musta'mal?

It is used for Wudhu it is used for Ghusl it is used with the intention of Worship for purification it drips or flows off the body after washing.

What is the ruling regarding Musta'mal water?

It is considered ṭāhir (pure) but cannot be used for Wudhu or ghusl.

What is the surface area of flowing water and still water?

Water which covers the area of at least 225 square feet is considered flowing water. Water covering less than 225 square feet is still water.

What is the ruling if blood pus or yellowish fluid comes out and flows?

If it flows and can reach the part of the body that is Farḍ to be washed in Wuḍū or Ghusl Wuḍū becomes invalid.

What is the ruling if blood appears but does not flow?

If blood has only appeared on the surface and has not flowed Wuḍū will not be invalid.

What is the ruling if blood flows in saliva?

If bleeding in the mouth makes the saliva reddish and the blood dominates the saliva it invalidates Wuḍū. If the saliva is yellowish it does not.

Do injections invalidate Wudhu or not?

Intramuscular injection: Wudhu becomes invalid if blood oozes out. Intravenous (IV) injection: Wudhu becomes invalid because blood is drawn out. Drip: Wudhu becomes invalid if blood rises into the tube.

What is the ruling regarding tears of an ailing eye?

Tears that flow due to infection or illness are impure and invalidate Wudhu. Tears flowing due to fear of Allah or without reason do not invalidate Wudhu.

What is the ruling when vomiting invalidates Wudhu?

Vomiting food or water that is mouthful (cannot be prevented without bother) invalidates Wudhu and is as impure as urine.