Day 1: A&P Levels of org. and org. systems

Anatomy

Study of Structure

Physiology

Study of Function

Gross Anatomy

Visible to the unaided eye

5 approaches to gross anatomy

Systemic, Regional, Surface, Comparative, Embryology

Microanatomy

Only visible with microscope

Microanatomy branches

Histology and Cytology

Structural: simplest to most complex

Chemical → organelle → cell → tissue → organ → organ system → organism

Emergent Properties

Total > Sum of parts (ex. NaCl)

Necessary life functions:

Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction, Growth, Movement, Responsiveness

Digestion

Breakdown of ingested food → simple molecules

Metabolism

Biochemical processes in body

Catabolism

Breakdown

Anabolism

Synthesis Rxns

Excretion

Removing wastes from body

Reproduction

Formation of new cells

Growth

Increase in size & complexity

Movement

Motion of everything

Responsiveness

Detecting & responding to change

Organ Systems

Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic/Immune, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, Reproductive

Integumentary system

• external body covering

• protects deeper tissues

• Vitamin D synthesis

• pain & pressure receptors

Skeletal system

• Protects & Supports body organs

• Framework for Muscles

• Mineral Storage

• Hemopoiesis (syntheis of blood cells)

Muscular system

• Locomotion

• Manipulation of environment

• Maintaining of posture

• Thermogensis (production of heat)

Nervous system

• Fast acting control

• monitering of internal and external environment

Endocrine system

• Long term control

• Regulates growth

• Reproduction

• Nutrient use

Cardiovascular system

“Anything that needs to go in/out of cell is in bloodstream”

Lymphatic / Immune system

Returning “leaked” fluid back to bloodstream while monitering whats in that fluid

Respiratory system

• Moving blood gases

• Co2 levels = regulation of breathing

Digestive System

• Breakdown and absorption of nutrients (building blocks of proteins, nucleic acids…)

Urinary system

• removal of wastes

• regulation of bodys water

• blood filtration

Reproductive system

Production of offspring