European Imperialism 1880s-1910s

William Gladstone

British Prime Minister re-elected in 1880

Who stressed an ethical foreign policy

William Gladstone

ethical foreign policy

love, acknowledging the equal rights of nations, and unwillingness to partake in unnecessary alliances or cause disruption to the European concert of powers

Dual alliance

the alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary in 1879

the Triple Alliance

the alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in 1882

why Italy was prompted to join the Triple Alliance

Italy joined the Triple Alliance because of their anger towards France in regard to their seizure of Tunisia

The amount of troops Gladstone sent to Egypt

24,000 British troops and 7,000 Indian troops

why Britain sent troops to Egypt in 1882

Gladstone claimed Egypt was in a state of military violence without any law

why British presence in Egypt was unusual

Egypt wasn’t an English colony or protectorate, so the British presence in the region was unusual

Bombardment of Alexandria

10-hour bombardment of Alexandria in 1882 to ‘restore’ European prestige 

resulted in 5 British casualties and 28 wounded

2000 Egyptians killed

what Indigenous people were told by the British to justify colonial rule

‘Queen Victoria now ‘guards and watches over you, looks upon you as her children.’

what colonies Germany takes in Africa

Togo, the Cameroons, Tanzania, Namibia

when Wilhelm II was inaugurated 

1888

Cecile Rhodes

British mining magnate who made a fortune from diamonds and gold

Became prime minister of the cape 1890-96

founded new colony of Rhodesia

importance of railways

main agent of economic development in most parts of the British empire

vital to the opening of Australia, greatly reducing the cost of carrying wool and wheat

how many died in the Indian famine from 1896-1897

5 million

Battle of Omdurman

fought between the British and Sudanese

expedition led by General Kitchener under Lord Salisbury to crush Sudan

11 - 16,000 Sudanese casualties

48 killed and 200 wounded British

what rendered the US a great global power

American victory in the Spanish-American war

America establishment of colonial rule in Puerto Rico, Hawai’i, Guam, and the Philippines

why Rudyard Kipling wrote ‘The White Man’s Burden’

wrote ‘The White Man’s Burden’ in 1899 to justify British colonial rule, and as a way of showing their racial superiority

Second Boer War

October 1899-1901

Boers declared war against Britain

British thought they could show their military strength, but ended up getting humiliated as their troops couldn’t survive in the wild

400,000 troops sent into the region

116,000 women and children sent to concentration camps where 28,000 died

British-Japan naval alliance 1902

obligated either power to remain neutral if the other was in conflict; unless, the conflict involved two or more countries, at which point the allied country would have to step in

Entente Cordial 1904

Britain and France signed an entente which prompted the creation of the Schlieffen plan

Triple Entente 1907

the alliance between russia, france, and britain

why Lord Baden-Powell created the boy scout movement

Baden-Powell wanted to train young boys how to be good soldiers and how to survive in the wild as a result of the catastrophic Boer war in which the soldiers couldn’t help themselves