Joints, Myology, and Animal Anatomy Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards generated from the 120-item arthrology and myology reviewer super quiz transcript.

Synovial Joints

A structural class of joints characterized by a joint capsule containing a fluid-filled cavity.

Syndesmosis

A fibrous joint exemplified by the antebrachial interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna.

Gomphosis

A specialized fibrous articulation that fixes teeth into their mandibular or maxillary sockets.

Serrate Suture

A skull suture characterized by alternating processes and depressions that provide stable, non-compressible connections.

Squamous Suture

A skull suture with overlapping beveled edges that absorb shock through slight compressibility.

Plane Suture

A suture characterized by right-angled edges meeting directly together without overlapping, such as the frontonasal suture.

Schindylesis

An articulation where a ridge fits into a fissure or recess offering extreme stability, such as between the rostrum of the sphenoid and the vomer.

Synchondrosis

A primary cartilaginous joint united by hyaline cartilage that eventually ossifies, such as an epiphyseal plate.

Symphysis

A secondary cartilaginous joint united by fibrocartilaginous discs along the body's midline, such as the pelvic or mandibular symphysis.

Articular Cartilage

The layer of hyaline cartilage covering the articular ends of bones within a synovial joint.

Aponeurosis

A broad, flat sheet of tendinous tissue associated with wide muscles.

Intracapsular Ligament

A ligament located inside the joint capsule and surrounded by a synovial membrane, such as the cruciate ligaments.

Intrinsic Muscle

A muscle that lies completely within one body region where both its origin and insertion reside.

Extrinsic Muscle

A muscle that extends from one body region to another to alter whole-part positioning.

Epaxial Muscles

Muscles located dorsal to the vertebral and pelvic axis.

Trigeminal Nerve (CN V)

The cranial nerve that innervates the primary muscles of mastication.

Masseter

The largest and strongest muscle of the head that lies lateral to the mandible and functions to close the jaw.

Digastricus

The only muscle of mastication that acts to open the jaw.

Buccinator

A flat facial muscle known as the 'Trumpeter's muscle' that forms the non-cutaneous bulk of the cheek structure.

Levator Labii Superioris

The muscle responsible for elevating the upper lip and dilating the nostrils during the Flehmen response.

Zygomaticus

A facial muscle commonly termed the 'smiling muscle'.

Dorsal Oblique

An extraocular muscle that intorts the globe by rotating the top of the eye medially.

Ventral Oblique

An extraocular muscle that extorts the globe by rotating the top of the eye laterally.

Transversospinalis System

The most medial division of the epaxial neck and trunk muscles.

Longissimus System

The longest and strongest intermediate group of epaxial muscles.

Iliocostalis System

The most lateral epaxial muscle system, easily recognized by long, flat, shiny tendons.

Aortic Hiatus

The opening in the diaphragm through which the aorta, azygous vein, and thoracic duct pass.

Caval Foramen

The opening in the diaphragm through which the caudal vena cava passes.

Serratus Ventralis

A large, fan-shaped muscle originating on ribs 1–7 and cervical transverse processes, inserting on the serrated surface of the scapula.

Lacertus Fibrosus

The tendinous blending of the Biceps Brachii muscle with the antebrachial fascia.

Iliopsoas

The strongest flexor of the hip joint, formed by the fusion of the Iliacus and Psoas Major muscles.

External Obturator

A deep hip rotator muscle originating on the ventral pelvis and inserting into the trochanteric fossa, innervated by the Obturator Nerve.

Popliteus

A muscle originating on the lateral aspect of the lateral femoral condyle that flexes the stifle joint and is innervated by the Tibial Nerve.

Atlanto-occipital Joint

The joint commonly known as the 'Yes' Joint.

Atlantoaxial Joint

The joint functionally known as the 'No' Joint.

Cubital Joint

The humeroradioulnar joint commonly called the Elbow Joint.

Metacarpophalangeal Joint

The joint in quadrupeds commonly named the Fetlock Joint.

Proximal Interphalangeal Joint

The anatomical term for the Pastern Joint.

Distal Interphalangeal Joint

The anatomical term for the Coffin Joint.

Genual Joint

The joint comprising the Femoropatellar and Femorotibial joints, commonly termed the Stifle Joint or Knee Joint.

Tibiotarsal Joint

The tarsal joint commonly known as the Hock Joint.

Levator Palpebrae Superioris

The extraocular muscle that directly elevates the upper eyelid.