US Gilded Age: Industrial Growth, Urbanization, and Social Changes

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10 Terms

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Gilded Age

Rapid wealth for industry leaders; political corruption; monopolies (big trusts).

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Electricity & Bessemer Steel

Boosted manufacturing, taller buildings, and railroads.

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Railroads

Opened markets, enabled West settlement.

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Monopoly & Antitrust

Big companies controlled industries; later regulated to protect competition.

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Labor Unions

Sought better pay, safety, end of child labor (led to federal involvement).

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Urbanization

Migration to cities → sanitation & housing problems.

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Political Machines

Controlled local politics through patronage and graft.

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Immigration & Nativism

Immigrants supplied labor but faced discrimination; nativists pushed limits (e.g., Chinese Exclusion Act).

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Homestead Act (1862)

Encouraged settling the Great Plains.

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Assimilation of Native Americans

Boarding schools, forced farming, land-ownership policies.