plants and fungi lab practical tree id

Eastern hemlock - Tsuga canadensis (Pinaceae)

short, single, flat needles, lighter white stomata on underside

White pine - Pinus strobus (Pinaceae)

packets of long, soft needles, emergent, 5 per clump

Witchhazel - Hamamelis virginiana (Hamamelidaceae)

multiple stems common, undulating little lobes, understory tree, asymmetric leaf base

Flowering dogwood - Cornus florida (Cornaceae)

opposite branching, latex in veins, veins curve around edges, alligator bark, leaves rounded with point

Sassafras - Sassafras albidum (Lauraceae)

highly variable leaves (glove-like, oval, etc)

Eastern cottonwood - Populus deltoides (Salicaeae)

heart-shaped leaves, thick furrowed striped bark, curl up in wind, flattened petiole

American sycamore - Platanus occidentalis (Platanaceae)

peeling white bark at top of tree, maple-y leaves

American elm - Ulmus americana (Ulmaceae)

toothed edge, asymmetrical base, rough texture, short stems, squishy bark

Basswood/Linden - Tilia americana (Malvaceae)

assymetrical base of leaf, samaras, multi stemmed

Tulip poplar - Liriodendron tulipifera (Magnoliaceae)

distinctive leaves, four finger glove, smooth bark with faint white lines, craggy bark when mature, very vertical

Black cherry - Prunus serotina (Roseaceae)

burnt cornflake bark, dark bark

White ash - Fraxinus americana (Oleaceae)

compound leaves, opposite branching, brown cigar buds at tip

Black locust - Robinia pseudoacacia (Fabaceae)

rounded, alternate, compound leaves (opposite leaflets), thorns on juvenile, thick ropey bark on adults, feather-like

Tree of heaven - Ailanthus altissimus (Simaroubaceae)

looks like black walnut, glands on edge of leaflets, bumps out by base, smooth bark, brownish samaras

Black walnut - Juglans nigra (Juglandaceae)

compound pinnate leaves, curves in at base, asymmetric base

Shagbark hickory - Carya ovata (Juglandaceae)

thick husk, bark peeling away, alternate compound leaves, big terminal leaflets, nuts with thick outer covering

Beech - Fagus grandifolia (Fagaceae)

very smooth bark (initial tree), long, thin cigar buds, leaves with very parallel veins, papery texture

White oak - Quercus alba (Fagaceae)

oaky leaves but not oak oak, rounded tips, smooth, flakier bark

Chestnut oak - Quercus montana (Fagaceae)

thick, blocky bark, regular waves on leaves, like a bloated rounded oak leaf

Red oak - Quercus rubra (Fagaceae)

furrowed bark with silver rivers, standard oak leaves, bristle tips

Norway maple - Acer platanoides (Sapindaceae)

“pinocchio” samaras (straight out, good for rhino noses), wider at base of leaf, biggest leaf size of the three, tight bark with little crevices

Sugar maple - Acer saccharum (Sapindaceae)

medium size leaves, samaras curve down, bark comes off in long peels, pinkish in bark furrows

Red maple - Acer rubrum (Sapindaceae)

three lobe leaf, wider by bottom, smoother bark, white underside, sometimes redish petiole

Black/sweet birch - Betula lent (Betulaceae)

little branches coming off with two leaves each, little cones that come apart into seeds, smooth bark with lines, little teeth on leaf edge

Eastern hophornbeam (cat-scratch tree) - Ostraya virginiana (Betulaceae)

bark looks scratched up by a cat, not tall, distinctive (coney, flowery, scaly) fruits

Musclewood - Carpinus caroliniana (Betulaceae)

sinewy bark, papery wind dispersed fruits

Spice bush - Lindera benzoin (Lauraceae)

entire, simple leaves with buds at base, citrus smell, variable size, yellowy

Japanese barberry - Berberis thunbergii (Berberidaceae)

spiky, red berries

Maple-leaved viburnum - Viburnum acerifolium (Adoxaceae)

looks like maple leaves but close to the ground and fuzzy with black berries

Burning bush - Euonymous alatus (Celastraceae)

“wings” on the branches

Multiflora rose - Rosa multiflora (Rosaceae)

shrub with rosehips, serrated leaflets, compound, spiky by nodes, thorns

Morrow’s honeysuckle - Lonicera morrowii (Caprifoliaceae)

shrub, opposite branching

Poison ivy - Toxicodendron radicans (Anacardiaceae)

Virginia creeper - Parthenocissus quinquefolia (Vitaceae)

vine with compound, palmate leaves, 5 leaflets, purple fruits, adhesive pads

Bittersweet - Celastrus orbiculatus (Celastraceae)

vine with red/orange berries, hooks to climb

White snakeroot

white disc flowers

White wood aster

little white flowers with brownish centers

Mugwort

aromatic when crushed

Goldenrod

Wild sarsaparilla

Japanese stilt grass

grass with white line down leaf, looks like on stilts

Christmas fern

the more traditionally fern-like fern, spores on top leaflets of frond

Sensitive fern

thick, fat fern