KingChiro - Part One Boards: Pathology

Joint mice in synovial fluid is due to what?

Osteoarthritis

Which condition causes atrophy of the villi with resultant malabsorption?

Celiac disease

Parasitic infections show an increase in which type of cell?

Eosinophils

Which condition is characterized by a 45 X karyotype?

Turner's Syndrome (webbing of neck and stunted growth)

Which vitamin is most important for wound healing?

Vitamin C (collagen)

T helper cells are seen in what hypersensitivity reaction?

Type IV

What is the pathognomonic of Parkinson's disease?

Lewy bodies

Parkinson's is deficiency in?

Dopamine

Which malignant tumors give onion skinning appearance?

Ewing sarcoma

Which STD has gummas?

Syphillis (tertiary)

Condition associated with kidney stones?

Hyperparathyroidism (making hella calcium)

Which this form of hepatitis, you can be cured and not become a carrier?

Hep A

What are the characteristics of bence jones proteins?

Multiple myeloma

Krukenberg's tumor is of?

Stomach

Where do Krukenberg tumors MC Mets?

Ovaries

MC benign brain tumor?

Glioma (2nd is meningiomas)

What is the most aggressive primary brain tumor?

Glioblastoma multiforme

Chronic alcoholism with thiamin deficiency?

Korsakoff syndrome

What causes acute demyelination of peripheral nerves?

Guillian Barre Syndrome (acquired condition)

What is the AI disease that causes demyelination of the ventricles, optic nerve chiasm, brain stem, etc?

MS

What is the death of UMN and LMN of the brain stem and spinal cord?

ALS

What are the stages of paget's (osteitis deformans)?

1. Osteolytic activity due to osteoclasts

2. Osteoblast predominate

3. Sclerotic bone deposition (brittle bone)

What diseases is characterized by ivory vertebra, bone enlargement and cortical thickening?

Paget's disease (osteitis deformans)

Cervical cancer is MC associated with?

Papilloma (HPV)

Involuntary movement is caused by lesion of?

Basal ganglia

Which dresses presents with fever, Koplik spots, and a red papular rash?

rubeola (measles)

Brown lung disease is aka?

Byssinosis (inhalation of cotton dust)

Mask like face, claw like fingers, hypertension, fibrosis of esophagus are characteristic of what disease?

Scleroderma

Avascular necrosis of the lunate carpal bone is called?

Kiennbock's disease

What is inflammation of the growth plate of the calcaneus where it attaches to the Achilles' tendon?

Sever's disease

What is avascular necrosis of the navicular of tarsals bone?

Kohler's disease

Freiberg's disease affects which metatarsals after excessive weight bearing?

Second and third

A fracture of the distal radius with anterior displacement is?

Smith's fracture (falling on flexed wrist)

A fracture from falling on an outstretched hand resulting in a dinner-fork deformity of the wrist?

Colle's fracture

What is an isolated fracture of the ulna?

Nightstick fracture

What is the fracture of the 5th metacarpal bone, usually transverse, occurring near the neck and is caused by punching?

Boxer's fracture

Hyperuricemia and monosodium urate crystals are usually associated with?

Gout

What is a major cause of dwarfism?

Achondroplasia

What is the tetrology of Fallot?

1. Ventricular septal defect

2. Distention of the aorta

3. Right ventricular hypertrophy

4. Pulmonary artery stenosis

Pyknosis is characterized by nuclear _____?

Condensation

What is karyorrhexis?

nuclear fragmentation

What is karyolysis?

Dissolution of nucleus

What are the steps of the nuclear change in a necrotic cell?

1. Pyknosis

2. Karyorrhexis

3. Karyolysis

What is it called when the urethra is ventral on penis?

Hypospadias

What is phimosis?

Can't retract foreskin

What is paraphimosis?

Can't put foreskin over head

What is balantitis?

inflammation of the glans penis

What is balanoposthitis?

inflammation of the glans and prepuce

Calcification of ALL and sparing of disc spaces are two most important findings in?

DISH disease (diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis)

Pathological accumulation of air in airspaces is best characterized as?

Emphysema

Hyperglycemia, acidosis, polydipsia are symptoms of?

hypoinsulinism (diabetes)

Iron deficiency anemia MC presents on lab blood test as?

Microcytic, hypochromic RBC

Excessive amount of cortisol causes?

Cushing's disease

What is caused by adrenal insufficiency or destruction of the adrenal cortex hormone?

Addison's disease

Pupil accommodates but has no pupillary reflex?

Argyll Robertson pupil

What pupil is continuously dilated with little or no effect of light?

Tonic or Adie's pupils (mydriasis)

Which pupil lacks ANY pupillary reflex (vision and light)?

Hutchinson's pupil

Which disorder is most apt to be responsible for iron deficiency in males?

Peptic ulcer

What are the characteristics of Horner's?

Ptosis, miosis, and ipsilateral anhidrosis

Caseous necrosis is form of necrosis unique to?

TB

Lung tumor MC caused by smoking?

Squamous cell carcinoma

Mature cells of atypical size, shape, and organization are characteristic of?

Dysplasia

A pneumoconiosis characterized by accumulation of iron dust is?

Siderosis

Lung disease caused by inhalation of moldy molasses (SUGAR CANE DUST) causing dyspnea and cough?

Bagassosis

What lung disease is caused by inhalation of crystalline silica, aka grinders asthma or potter's rot?

Silicosis

What are the findings of ankylosing spondylitis?

Bamboo spine

Trolley track sign

Dagger sign

What is knife clasp deformity associated with?

Spina bifida and baastrups (elongation of L5 spinous)

What causes hemolytic anemia?

Vitamin E deficiency

Infection by pathogenic anaerobes of genus clostridium causes?

Gas gangrene (clostridium perfingens)

What is a condition characterized by lack of T cells because thymus didn't develop, causing abnormality of heart, vessels, mouth, ears, palate?

DiGeorge's

What is the segmental, thrombosing, acute and chronic inflammation of medium and small arteries, MC tibial and radial?

Buerger disease (thromboangitiis obliterans)

Where do berry aneurysms occur?

Circle of Willis (anterior communicating)

Rheumatic fever impacts which valve?

Mitral

IV drug users blow out which valve?

Tricuspid

Which bacteria causes ulcerations of stomach?

Helicobacter pylori

No meissner's or Auerbach's plexus in anus?

Hirschsprung's (congenital megacolon)

What causes esophageal varices?

portal hypertension

What causes idiopathic dilated cardiac myopathy?

Viral myocarditis

Which type of angina occurs with activity, emotional excitement, or other increased cardiac work and goes away?

Stable angina

Which type of angina occurs close to MI, occurs more frequently, and for a prolonged duration?

Unstable or Crescendo

Which type of angina occurs at rest and is characterized by vasospasm of coronary arteries?

Prinzmetal

What type of MI deals with full thickness of ventricular wall?

Transmural infarct

What type of MI deals with the inner 1/3 or 1/2 of ventricular wall?

Subendocardial infarct

What is the unpaired esophageal peristalsis/LES contraction, with a nocturnal cough?

Achalasia

Which condition is of the LES and causes Barrett's esophagus?

GERD

What is the outpouching of mucosa and submucosa of the esophagus posteriorly?

Esophageal (Zenker's) Diverticulum

What is the laceration of the distal esophagus and proximal stomach during vomiting due to alcoholism?

Mallory-Weiss

Which ulcer has after meal relief but then returns?

Duodenal

Which ulcer hurts immediately after meal?

Gastric ulcer

Which condition has skip lesions?

Crohn's

What is characterized by pencil-thin stools, gas, and distention?

IBS

What condition is characterized by a sore tongue, diarrhea, and weight loss?

Tropical Sprue

Which disease is an aggressive peptic ulcer that can perforate the lining?????

Zollinger-Ellison

What is the MC cause of pneumonia?

Bacterial; strep pneumoniae

What can cause Horner's syndrome?

Whiplash, smoking, asbestos, pancoast tumor

Which type of pneumonia is common in AIDS patients?

Pneumocystis carinii

What type of pneumonia has rusty sputum?

Pneumococcal

Blue bloater is ___________; pink puffer is ___________

Chronic bronchitis; emphysema

What is inhalation of tin dust?

Stannosis

What is the Ghon complex associated with?

Pulmonary TB