Earthquakes, Volcanoes, and Tsunamis (wip: see nota)

Earth Science

Natural Hazard

The threat of a negative event

Natural Disaster

is the negative impact following a natural hazard- in the event that it harms a community.

Risk Index

Is designed to help communities understand the risk level of their location and the impacts of a disaster.

Cause of an earthquake

The shifting of tectonic plates.

Convergent

The plate boundary with the most volcanoes. Can include oceanic-continental or continental-continental.

Transform

The plate boundary with no volcanoes. Two plates sliding past each other.

Divergent

The plate boundary with some volcanoes. Two plates pulling apart.

Japan: Earthquakes

Deepest earthquakes of all. Most frequent earthquakes. Least intense.

Iceland: Earthquakes

Somewhat frequent earthquakes. Shallowest earthquakes of all. Not very intense.

Haiti: Earthquakes

Least frequent earthquakes. Most intense of all.

Jakarta: Earthquakes

Somewhat frequent earthquakes. Not very intense.

Japan: Boundary

The boundary is oceanic-continental convergent.

Iceland: Boundary

The boundary is divergent.

Haiti: Boundary

The boundary is transform.

Jakarta: Boundary

The boundary is oceanic-continental convergent.

How many years does it take for volcanoes to form?

5 million

How quickly do tsunamis happen?

Right away

What are tsunamis caused by?

Volcanoes (in the ‘bove and underwater) creating shockwaves; convergent boundary plate slipping

Which directions do tsunamis go in?

2

At a convergent boundary, which plate goes underneath?

The more dense one.

How long do mountains take to form?

1 million years

Which natural disaster occurs at all boundary types.

Tsunami

What is the Mid-Atlantic Ridge’s boundary type?

Divergent

What is the average speed that plates move per year?

2 cm

Iceland: Volcanoes

Average of 1 or 2 a year. Some major

Haiti: Volcanoes

No volcanic eruptions

Jakarta: Volcanoes

At least 5 per year. Most are medium-intensity

Japan: Volcanoes

An average of 5 per year. Mostly minor, a few major.

Iceland: Volcanic Tsunamis

One every twenty years. Two major tsunamis in the last hundred years.

Haiti: Volcanic Tsunamis

Two in the last 125 years. Almost all are minor.

Jakarta: Volcanic Tsunamis

2-3 a year. Some major tsunamis.

Japan: Volcanic Tsunamis

Two per year over last 125 years. There are not as many major tsunamis.