IB Psych Chapter 1

Established the first psychology laboratory and sought to measure "atoms of the mind."

Wilhelm Wundt

Proposed that nerve pathways allowed for reflexes.

René Descartes

Coined the term "tabula rasa" (blank slate) to explain how experience shapes individuals.

John Locke

Research that involved measuring the reaction time between hearing a sound and pressing a button.

Wilhelm Wundt

Agreed that psychology should focus on observable behavior.

John B

The view that knowledge originates in experience and that science should rely on observation and experimentation.

Empiricism

Early school of thought promoted by Wundt and Titchener, using introspection to reveal the structure of the human mind.

Structuralism

Early school of thought promoted by James, exploring how mental and behavioral processes function to enable adaptation and survival.

Functionalism

The study of behavior and thinking using the experimental method.

Experimental psychology

The view that psychology should be an objective science studying behavior without reference to mental processes.

Behaviorism

A perspective emphasizing the growth potential of healthy individuals.

Humanistic psychology

The science of behavior and mental processes.

Psychology

Addresses how encoding, storing, and retrieving information alters thoughts.

Cognitive perspective

Studies the interaction of people, machines, and physical environments.

Human factors psychologist

Medical doctors licensed to prescribe medication, differing from psychologists.

Psychiatrists

Betsy’s likely role in human resources, focusing on training and morale.

Industrial-organizational psychologist

The controversy over the contributions of genes and experience to psychological traits and behaviors.

Nature–nurture issue

The principle that traits contributing to reproduction and survival are likely to be passed on.

Natural selection

Differing complementary views for analyzing phenomena, from biological to social-cultural.

Levels of analysis

An integrated approach incorporating biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis.

Biopsychosocial approach

The scientific study of observable behavior and its explanation by learning principles.

Behavioral psychology

The study of links between biological processes and psychological processes.

Biological psychology

The scientific study of mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Cognitive psychology

The study of behavior and mind evolution using natural selection principles.

Evolutionary psychology

The study of how situations and cultures affect behavior and thinking.

Social-cultural psychology

Pure science aimed at increasing the scientific knowledge base.

Basic research

Studies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the lifespan.

Developmental psychology

Emphasize the influence of environments on human behavior.

Community psychologists

Investigate biological, psychological, cognitive, and social changes over time.

Developmental psychologists

The subfield aligned with investigating methods to enhance student learning.

Educational psychology

Works with people with life changes and difficulties; developing coping skills

Counseling psychologist

Focuses on helping people make good decisions regarding physical well-being.

Health psychologist