Literature 1850-2009

why was the Help criticised for its inaccuracy?

few domestic workers would have risked their jobs to humiliate white employers

mimics role of Mammy in GWTW

Stockett did not live in Mississippi and only interviewed one maid

When was Huckleberry Finn published?

1885

who wrote Huckleberry Finn

Mark Twain

where is Huck Finn set?

Missouri- slave state before Civil War

Twain’s view on slavery

anti slavery

what was the most popular part of Huck Finn showing how it failed to reflect to influence race relations

where the boys prolong Jim’s suffering and slavery

How is Jim presented in Huck Finn?

overly subservient to white characters as he is reliant on them for his freedom

why did NAACP condemn Huck Finn in 1957?

use of racial slurs

How did first illustrations present Jim in Huck Finn

demeaning

How does Twain encourages his readers to change perceptions of race?

Huck comes to journey of self realisation forming his own view of BA

How does Twain present a more dignified view of BA in Huck Finn?

Jim gives up his freedom to save Tom

images of Jim more dignified as 20th century progressed

When was GWTW published?

1936

Author of GWTW

Magaret Mitchell

where is GWTW set

Georgia during Civil War

why is Mitchell’s presentation of idyllic southern society in GWTW criticised

presented a false reality where BA happy to work for WA and society is joyful

how are BA dehumanised in GWTW

Mammy’s face compared to a monkey

Scarlett attacked by a black freeman

How did film adaptation of GWTW show changing perceptions of race

references to KKK removed

removed racial slurs

which group organised boycotts of GWTW film

NAACP

what did GWTW uphold

attitude many WA had towards BA

when was TKAM published?

1960

who wrote TKAM

Harper Lee

where is TKAM set

1930s Alabama

How did TKAM resonate with 1960s American society

issues of fighting for greater black equality in 1930s America paralleled with CR movement in 1960s America

how does TKAM highlight segregation

strong level of white resentment when Atticus agrees to help Tom

How is Tom Robinson presented in TKAM

harmless, innocent and hardworking

Tom refuses to retaliate despite being called foul language in court

how is the black community as a whole presented in TKAM

tolerant and dignified

welcome WA into their church

more moral than some white characters

how are white community presented in TKAM

ignorant and full of racial prejudice

Bob Ewell as ‘white trash’

How does Harper Lee diverge from social norms in TKAM

Boo Radley fights white brutality

Atticus breaches racial divide by helping Tom

how was TKAM limited?

lack of condemnation of racism and stereotyping

marginalisation of black characters

when was UTC published

1852

who wrote UTC

Harriet Beecher Stowe

what was UTC a reaction to

1850 Fugitive Slave Law

what was Beecher Stowe’s opinion

actively sought to defy it e.g. helped to hide runaway slaves

how did UTC have a positive impact on race relations

personalised issue of slavery by focusing on the lives of slaves

what did McPherson say on UTC

most influential indictment of slavery of all time

Lincoln on UTC

the book that started the civil war

how many copies of UTC sold in first year

300,000

what did term ‘Uncle Tom’ come to mean

offensive term to describe subservient BA

What did Douglas describe UTC as in 1865 due to subservience of BA

delusion

why did many members of abolitionist movement criticise UTC

portrayal of slavery and treatment of black slaves not enough to encourage Americans to protest

Beecher Stowe supported colonisation movement

when was Beloved published?

1987

who wrote Beloved

Toni Morrison

when is Beloved set

1800s

despite being set in 1800s why is Beloved still relevant today?

shows how issues of slavery continue to haunt Americans today

why is Beloved’s depiction of slavery praised?

highlights harrowing and haunting effects of slavery

how are white characters portrayed in Beloved

brutal and savage e.g. Schoolteacher

which characters are used by Morrison to highlight harrowing effects of slavery

Paul D and Sethe have hard time accepting their past

when was The Help published

2009

who wrote the Help

Kathryn Stockett

when is the Help set?

1960s Mississippi

which key aspect of race relations does the Help explore?

separation of black and white communities

how does the Help accurately reflect attitudes towards race relations in 1960s Mississippi

black and white people live separate lives in same city

black maids inferior to white employers

how is the Help still relevant?

shoed how integrationist views continued from civil war to 21st century- more reform is needed

why is ending of the Help heavily criticised?

black domestic workers given a happy ending- satisfies white liberals

why are Twain’s motives behind Huck Finn perhaps insincere

only wrote to sell novels, not to criticise institution of slavery