debridement instruments: powdered scalers

What mechanism does a powered instrument use to fracture calculus deposits from the tooth surface?

• Option A

  Force of water spray exiting the tip

• Option B

  Tiny bubbles that collapse, producing shock waves

• Option C

  Electricity

• Option D

  Rapid energy vibrations of the instrument tip

Option D

Rapid energy vibrations of the instrument tip

The rule of thumb when adjusting the power setting of the ultrasonic unit is to set it _____ than you think necessary.

• Option A

  faster

• Option B

  lower

• Option C

  slower

• Option D

  higher

Option B

lower

The water flowing through a powered instrument tip forms tiny bubbles that collapse, producing shock waves that destroy bacteria by tearing the bacterial cell walls. This mechanism of action is termed _____.

• Option A

  cavitation

• Option B

  acoustic turbulence

• Option C

  deplaquing

• Option D

  aerosol production

Option A

cavitation

Strengths of using powered instrumentation include all of the following except:

• Option A

  Provides access to furcation areas

• Option B

  Irrigation of pocket washes toxic products and bacteria

• Option C

  Penetrates deeper into periodontal pockets

• Option D

  Extends instrumentation time

Option D

Extends instrumentation time

Which insert tip design would you select to remove large-sized calculus supragingival deposits from the proximal surfaces of posterior teeth?

• Option A

  Beavertail

• Option B

  Triple bend

• Option C

  Slim-diameter straight

• Option D

  Standard-diameter universal

Option B

Triple bend

The water that exits near the tip of an ultrasonic instrument tip _____.

• Option A

  cools the instrument tip and washes bacteria from the pocket

• Option B

  cools the instrument tip

• Option C

  removes calculus deposits

• Option D

  warms the instrument handpiece

Option A

cools the instrument tip and washes bacteria from the pocket

On a powered instrument tip, the power to remove calculus is concentrated in the last _____ of the length of the tip.

• Option A

  10 mm

• Option B

  6 mm

• Option C

  2 mm

• Option D

  1 mm

Option C

2 mm

Which of the following powered instrument tip designs should be used on posterior tooth surfaces located more than 4 mm below the CEJ?

• Option A

  Standard-diameter triple bend tip

• Option B

  Standard-diameter universal tip

• Option C

  Slim-diameter curved tips

• Option D

  Slim-diameter straight tip

Option C

Slim-diameter curved tips

On a powered instrument tip, which of the surfaces is recommended for adaptation to the tooth surface with all sonic, piezoelectric, and magnetostrictive ultrasonic instruments?

• Option A

  Back of the tip (the convex surface)

• Option B

  Face of the tip (the concave surface)

• Option C

  Lateral surfaces of the tip

• Option D

  Point of the tip

Option C

Lateral surfaces of the tip

Which insert tip design would you select to remove supragingival and subgingival calculus deposits throughout the mouth?

• Option A

  Slim-diameter straight

• Option B

  Triple bend

• Option C

  Beavertail

• Option D

  Standard-diameter universal

Option D

Standard-diameter universal

Which insert tip design would you select to remove large calculus ledges on the lingual of mandibular anterior teeth?

• Option A

  Standard-diameter universal

• Option B

  Triple bend

• Option C

  Beaver tail

• Option D

  Slim-diameter straight

Option C

Beaver tail

The vertical or “probe position” for the powered tip is used _____________.

• Option A

  with a powered periodontal probe

• Option B

  when deplaquing deep periodontal pockets

• Option C

  when removing supragingival calculus only

• Option D

  for anterior teeth only

Option B

when deplaquing deep periodontal pockets

Powered tips should be inspected for wear and discarded when they have _____ of wear.

• Option A

  3 mm

• Option B

  4 mm

• Option C

  2 mm

• Option D

  1 mm

Option C

2 mm

On a powered instrument tip, which of the surfaces produces the greatest amount of energy vibrations?

• Option A

  Point of the tip

• Option B

  Lateral surfaces of the tip

• Option C

  Face of the tip (the concave surface)

• Option D

  Back of the tip (the convex surface)

Option A

Point of the tip

How many times a powered instrument tip vibrates in 1 second is known as the _____.

• Option A

  power

• Option B

  stroke

• Option C

  frequency

• Option D

  adjustment

Option C

frequency

The transverse tip orientation is recommended for _______________.

• Option A

  removing moderate subgingival calculus in deep pockets

• Option B

  removing calculus in furcations

• Option C

  none of the above

• Option D

  removing calculus above or slightly below the gingival margin

Option D

removing calculus above or slightly below the gingival margin

When removing calculus deposits with a powered instrument, what type of lateral pressure is recommended?

• Option A

  Light lateral pressure

• Option B

  Moderate lateral pressure

• Option C

  Firm, scraping pressure

• Option D

  Either moderate or firm pressure

Option A

Light lateral pressure

The rule of thumb when adjusting the water flow on the ultrasonic unit is to _____ than you think necessary.

• Option A

  use less

• Option B

  make sure it is cooler

• Option C

  use more

• Option D

  make sure it is warmer

Option C

use more

How far the tip of a powered instrument tip moves during one cycle is known as the _____.

• Option A

  stroke

• Option B

  power

• Option C

  frequency

• Option D

  adjustment

Option A

stroke

On a powered instrument tip, which of the surfaces produces the least (lowest) amount of energy vibrations?

• Option A

  Lateral surfaces of the tip

• Option B

  Face of the tip (the concave surface)

• Option C

  Back of the tip (the convex surface)

• Option D

  Point of the tip

Option A

Lateral surfaces of the tip

For calculus removal, a powered instrument is used in a series of tapping motions. For subgingival deplaquing, the lateral surface of a powered instrument is moved in a series of sweeping motions.

• Option A

  The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

• Option B

  Both statements are false.

• Option C

  The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

• Option D

  Both statements are true.

Option D

Both statements are true.

Higher power settings for powered instrumentation deliver a shorter stroke. To maximize patient comfort, the power setting should rarely be placed above low.

• Option A

  The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

• Option B

  The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

• Option C

  Both statements are false.

• Option D

  Both statements are true.

Option C

Both statements are false.

On a powered instrument tip, which of the surfaces should never be adapted to the tooth surface because it could damage the tooth surface?

• Option A

  Face of the tip (the concave surface)

• Option B

  Lateral surfaces of the tip

• Option C

  Point of the tip

• Option D

  Back of the tip (the convex surface)

Option C

Point of the tip

The lowest effective power setting should be used during powered instrumentation. Two criteria that should be considered to determine the power setting for powered instrumentation are the size of the calculus deposit and the diameter of the powered instrument tip.

• Option A

  The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

• Option B

  Both statements are true.

• Option C

  The first statement is true; the second statement is false.

• Option D

  Both statements are false.

Option B

Both statements are true.

One effective way to reduce the number of airborne organisms in the aerosols produced by a powered instrument is _____.

• Option A

  asking the patient to wear a mask that has a high bacterial filtration efficiency

• Option B

  changing the clinician mask every 20 minutes during powered instrumentation

• Option C

  asking the patient to use an antimicrobial mouthrinse before treatment

• Option D

  adjusting the water flow to a minimum flow rate until the instrument handpiece feels warm during use

Option C

asking the patient to use an antimicrobial mouthrinse before treatment