World history chapter 22 VOCAB

estate

one of the three classes into which French society was divided

before the revolution: the clergy,the nobles, and the townspeople

taille

an annual direct tax,usually on land or property,that provided a

regular source of income for the French monarchy.

bourgeoisie

the middle class,including merchants,industrialists,and professional people

sans-culottes

"without breeches" ; members of the Paris Commune

who considered themselves ordinary patriots (in other words,they

were long trousers instead of the fine knee-length breeches of the

nobles)

electors

 individual qualified to vote in an election

coup d'etat

a sudden overthrow of the government

consulate

government established in France after the overthrow of

the Directory in 1799, with Napoleon as first consul in control of the

entire government

nationalism

the unique cultural identity of a people based on

common language, religion, and national symbols

conservatism

 a political philosophy based on tradition and social

stability, favoring obedience to political authority and organized

religion.

principle of intervention

idea that great powers have the right to

send armies into countries where there are revolutions to restore

legitimate governments

liberalism

a political philosophy originally based largely on

Enlightenment principles, holding that people should be as free as

possible from government restraint and that civil liberties, the basic

rights of all people should be protected.