Innate vs. Adaptive immunity

What are the two main types of immunity?

innate (inborn, non-specific) and Adaptive (learned, specific, memory-based).

Which type of immunity acts immediately?

nnate immunity — it provides a rapid, general defense against pathogens.

Which type of immunity has memory?

Adaptive immunity — it creates memory cells for a faster, stronger response to repeat infections.

What are three main components of innate immunity?

Physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes), phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages), and natural killer (NK) cells.

What are two main lymphocytes in adaptive immunity and their functions?

• B cells: Produce antibodies (humoral immunity).

• T cells: Kill infected cells and regulate immune response (cell-mediated immunity).

What is the function of antibodies?

Bind to and neutralize specific antigens, mark them for destruction, and prevent infection spread.

What are memory cells and why are they important?

Long-lived lymphocytes that remember specific pathogens, allowing for faster, stronger responses to future exposures.

How do innate and adaptive immunity work together?

Innate immunity triggers adaptive immunity (macrophages/dendritic cells present antigens), and adaptive responses enhance innate defense through antibodies and cytokines.

How do vaccines use adaptive immunity?

Vaccines expose the body to antigens safely, allowing the immune system to create memory cells without causing disease.