Lab 4: PLANT CELLS, VEGETATIVE ORGAN STRUCTURES, AND PATTERNS OF GROWTH

celery petiole

parenchyma cells celery

Epidermal cell in celery

outer layer of cells on the celery stalk

Vascular bundle celery

collenchyma cell celery

pear sclereids

red pepper chromoplasts

root cap

root hair

ranunculus

Zea

Medicago stem

Zea mays stem

woody twigs

terminal bud

bud scale scars

leaf scars

Show where leaves were attached

axillary bud

Lenticels

ligustrum leaf

Allium cepa

onion

root cap onion

tough covering of the root tip that protects the meristem

root hairs onion

apical meristem

quiescent center

The initial region in the apical meristem of roots that has reached a state of relative inactivity.

Salix lateral root

Coleus

Tilia

annual rings

Rings or layers of wood which represent one growth period of a tree. In cross section the rings may indicate the age of the tree.

dermal tissue system

The outer protective covering of plants.

vascular tissue system

A system formed by xylem and phloem throughout a vascular plant, serving as a transport system for water and nutrients, respectively.

ground tissue system

Plant tissues that are neither vascular nor dermal, fulfilling a variety of functions, such as storage, photosynthesis, and support.

Monocots

Flowering plant whose embryos have one cotyledon

Eudicots

two cotyledons

Tap roots

seen in most eudicots that have one large primary root that normally functions as a storage system with smaller lateral roots extending off the primary root (e.g. carrots)

Fibrous roots

part of a root system in which roots branch to such an extent that no single root grows larger than the rest

prop root (adventitious root)

Parenchyma cell

used to store nutrients and are involved with photosynthesis and other metabolic processes

Collenchyma cells

provide strength and flexibility to stems and other structures

Sclerenchyma cells

protects seeds and support the plants

Simple leaf

leaf with a single blade, i.e. grass, maple leaves, oak leaves

Compound leaf

a type of leaf in which the blade is divided into leaflets

Primary growth

Growth produced by apical meristems, which lengthen stems and roots.

Secondary growth

the pattern of plant growth in which stems increase in width