polarity and inter-molecular forces

Electronegativity-

the ability of an atom within a covalent bond to attract electrons to itself.

Polar covalent bonds-

a covalent bond that has an unequal charge distribution (a dipole) due to differences in electronegativities of the atoms sharing electrons to form the bond.

Nonpolar covalent bonds- 

electrons are shared equally between two atoms.

Ionic Bonds

Metal and Nonmetal

Intermolecular forces-

electrostatic attraction (coulombic) between molecules

Intramolecular forces-

forces that hold atoms together to form compounds and molecules

Dipole

A bond where the ends have opposite charges

Temporary dipole

Dipole typer during London Disperion

induced Dipole

weak form of a dipole, for example hydrogen bonding with water.

London dispersion-

electrostatic forces that result from temporary shifts in the density of electrons in electron clouds

Hydrogen bonding-

 is a strong electrostatic attraction that occurs between molecules containing a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a small and highly electronegative atom (N, O, or F) and the lone pair of electrons to another molecule containing N, O, or F

Dipole-Dipole-

attractions between oppositely charged regions of polar molecules

Ion - Dipole-

electrostatic interaction between a charged ion and a molecule that has a dipole

Micelle-

Spherical aggregates that spontaneously self-associate.

Immiscible-

will not form a homogeneous mixture together

Miscible-

will form a homogeneous mixture together

Hydrophilic

Attracted to water

Hydrophobic

Repels from water, resistant

Adhesive forces-

force of attraction between different types of molecules/substances

Cohesive forces-

force of attraction between molecules of the same substance

Surface tension-

Example of a cohesive force

Polar Bond

Significantly different electronegativities

Polar molecule-

Bonds within must have a dipole moment, Dioples don't cancel out. 

Nonpolar Molecule

Dipoles cancel out

London Dispersion Force

Dipole-Dipole

Hydrogen Bonding

Ion-Dipole

What does intermolecular mean?

Between

What does intramolecular mean?

Within

\#1 Strongest

Ionic and Covalent bonds

\#2 Strongest

Ion-Dipole Interactions

\#3 strongest

Hydrogen Bonding Interactions

\#4 Strongest

Dipole-Dipole interactions

\#5 strongest

London Dispersion interactions

Why is Hydrogen Bonding only possible with Hydrogen?

Because it uses the lone pairs of a (N, O, or F)

What substances were used to make soap?

Tallow (Solid Fat), Olive Oil, Sodium Hydroxide

What are some parts of a micelle?

Nonpolar dirt and grease droplets, ionic polar “head:, aqueous solution, nonpolar hydrocarbon tail

What are parts of the Micelle attracted to?

The non polar hydro carbon tails are attracted toward the interior of the micelle giving it a hydrophobic core, while the ionic heads are attracted to the outside which is surrounded by water.

Glass and water

Example of adhesive force

What causes dispersion forces?

when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.