human phys 16

gases, nutrients, wastes

function of blood - transportation

maintains body fluid homeostasis, pH, body temp

function of blood - regulation

clotting, defensive responses

function of blood - protectio

hematocrit

percentage of blood volume occupied by red blood cells

plasma

Fluid portion of blood

plasma proteins

protein dissolved in blood plasma

7% protein, 92% water, 1% other

distribution of plasm

maintain plasma colloid osmotic pressure

function of plasma proteins

albumins

Transport fatty acids and steroids, help regulate osmotic pressure of the blood.

globulins

antibodies

fibrinogen

plasma protein that is converted to fibrin in the clotting process

albumin, globulin, fibrinogen

3 plasma proteins

most abundant, transport steroids and fatty acids, buffering, osmotic pressure

albumin

alpha and beta transport iron, lipids, fat soluble vitamins, gamma are antibodies

globulins

blood clotting

fibrinogen

serum

plasma without clotting factors

Erythrocytes

red blood cells, carry oxygen

leukocytes

white blood cells, fight infection

platelets

blood clotting

transport oxygen from lungs to body cells, co2 from body cells to lungs

erynthorcytes

neutrophils

A type of white blood cell that engulfs invading microbes and contributes to the nonspecific defenses of the body against disease.

basophils

A circulating leukocyte that produces histamine.

eosinophils

a white blood cell containing granules that are readily stained by eosin.

monocytes

An agranular leukocyte that is able to migrate into tissues and transform into a macrophage.

lymphocytes

A type of white blood cell that make antibodies to fight off infections

release chemicals, promote blood clotting, no nucleus

platelets

erynthrocytes, leukocytes, platelets

components of cellular elements

myeloid stem cell to reticulocyte, loses nucleus, forms erythrocyte

formation of RBC

myeloid stem cell to megakaryocyte to platelets

formation of platets

goes from myeoloid stem cell

formation of eosinophil, basophil, neutrophil, monocytes

lymphoid stem cell

formation of B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte, natural killer

contain hemoglobin, biconcave, strong plasma membrane

properties of RBC

reticulocytes

immature red blood cells

greater surface area to enhance diffusion, no nucleus`

what does the biconcave nature help with

glycolysis via bisphoglycerate, dpg

anaerobic metabolism of RBC

2 alpha, 2 beta each with heme group

composition of hemoglobin

Erythropoiesis

Production of red blood cells in bone marrow.

120 days

lifespan of red blood cells

hypoxia

Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood

polycythemia

A disorder characterized by an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells in the blood

anemia

A condition in which the blood is deficient in red blood cells, in hemoglobin, or in total volume.

hemotocrit

percentage of RBC in a volume of blood

higher than normal number of RBC, high blood viscosity, hematocrit over 55%

polycythemia

reduced capacity to deliver oxygen, fatigue, poor thriving, hematocrit less than 40%

anemia

iron deficiency anemia

anemia caused by inadequate iron intake

pernicious anemia

lack of mature erythrocytes caused by inability to absorb vitamin B12 into the bloodstream

aplastic anemia

failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

hemolytic

destruction of red blood cells

hemorrhagic anemia

caused by blood loss

renal anemia

lack of EPO

death of rbc, globin and heme split, globin broken down into amino acids, iron removed from heme

what happens in liver, spleen, red bone marrow #1

iron attaches to transferrin, carried to red bone marrow, erythrocytes produced

what happens in liver, spleen, red bone marrow #2

non iron part of heme converted to biliverdin then to bilirubin, transported to liver by blood

what happens when iron is removed from heme,

get converted into urobilinogen in large intestine, eliminated in feces or converted into urobilin

what happens when iron is remvoed from heme #2

bilirubin

pigment released by the liver in bile

Urobilinogen

colorless compound produced in the intestine after the breakdown by bacteria of bilirubin