HOA1 - NEAR EAST ARCHITECTURE

MESOPOTAMIA

- tigris and euprates

- mesos = middle

- potamos = river

CRADLE OF CIVILIZATION

- Mesopotamia

- part of fertile crescent because of the irrigated farmlands

NEAR EAST CIVILIZATION

- sumerian

- akkadian

- babylonian

- assyrian

- persian

ARCUATED

- babylonia / sumeria /assyria

- construction method

TEMPLES AND PALACES

- babylonia / sumeria /assyria

- building types

BABYLONIA / SUMMERIA / ASSYRIA BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS

- chief temples had sacred ziggurats

- building were raised on mud bricks

BABYLONIA / SUMMERIA / ASSYRIA ARCHITECTURE CHARACTERISTICS

- massive, monumental and grand

COLUMNAR

- persia

- construction method

PALACES

- persia- building types

PERSIA BUILDING CHARACTERISTICS

- large columnar halls

- stairwats and terraces

PERSIA ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS

- light and airy magnificence

BABYLONIA / SUMMERIA / ASSYRIA WALLS

- whitewashed and painted color

- burnt bricks as accent

- limestone and alabaster

FLAT

- babylonia / sumeria / assyria

- roof

NO WINDOWS

- babylonia / sumeria / assyria

-openings

BABYLONIA / SUMMERIA / ASSYRIA ORNAMENTS

- colossal winged bulls

- chiseled alabaster

- polychrome glazed bricks (assyria)

- frescoes of human figures, animals and geometric forms (sumeria)

PERSIA WALLS

- double mud brick walls

PERSIA ROOF

- double mud brick walls

PERSIA COLUMNS

- had doule bull or double unicorn capitals

SMALL WINDOWS

- persia

- openings

GLAZED BRICK RELIEF

- persia

- ornaments

BRICKS

- were made from clay mized with chopped straw improve cohesion and bonding

SUN-DRIED BRICKS

- bricks

- ordinary finish

KILN-DRIED

- bricks

- for facing important buildings

COLORED GLAZED

- bricks

- for decorative purpose

CUNEIFORM

- sumerians developed sccript clay tables

- one of the earliest known for written expression

ZIGGURATS

- terraced pyramids with temples at the summit

- believed to connect heaven and earth

CELLA

- the central hall of ziggurats

- meeting place for the priest and gods making this beleifs that temples were often referred to as waiting rooms

WHITE TEMPLE

- earliest development of the ziggurat

GREAT ZIGGURAT

- three-tierd ziggurat

- had solid core of mud bricks and faced with burnt bricks

- top temple was used as the last line of defense in times of war

PALACE OF SARGON

- all buildings arranged around a courtyard

- decorated with relief and sculptures and glazed bricks

LAMASSU

- an assyrian protective deity

- depicted as having human head and a body of an ox or a lian and bird's wings

KING NEBUCHADNEZZAR II

- it was his reign that babylon became the largest city in the world

THE CITY OF BABYLON

- largley the creation of nebuchadnezzar

- owes its fame to the many reference in the bible

- was the most and largest city in mesopotamia

NEBUCHADNEZZAR GREAT PALACE

- was the praised for its legendary hanging gardens

- plants grew on the roof and terraces and watered by complex irrigation system

ISHTAR GATE

- 8th gate of babylon

- blue glazed tiles with alternating rows of bas-relief of dragons and lions

TEMPLE OF MARDUK

- also called the esagila was the center of the state cult

TOWER OF BABEL

- builders intended the tower to reach heaven

THE PALACE OF PERSEPOLIS

- was built on an immense terrace

- an impressice palace complex was created inspired bu mesopotamian models