Acids and Bases

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10 Terms

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Bronsted-Lowry acid

Proton donor → becomes a conjugate base

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Bronsted-Lowry base

Proton acceptor → becomes conjugate acid

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Low pKa

Strong acid produces weak conjugate base

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High pKa

Weak acid produces strong conjugate base

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Acid & base strength

Electronegativity, size, inductive effect, hybridization, resonance

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Electronegativity

Comparing molecules, if the negative charge is on the more electronegative atom then that molecule is more stable and therefore weaker

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Size

The larger atom is more acidic because the negative charge is delocalized over a larger area (electrons are farther from the nucleus)

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Inductive effect

Electron withdrawing groups stabilize a negative charge via sigma bonding

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Hybridization

Triple (sp) bonded atoms are more acidic with an H+ attached than single (sp3) or double (sp2) bonded atoms

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Resonance

A molecule that can perform resonance is more stable and is therefore the weaker base