Organic Chem.: reactions of alkenes

Hydrohalogenation

the electrophilic addition of a hydrogen halide (HX) to an alkene forming an alkyl halide. example of HX: H-Br (markovnikov)

Acid Catalyzed Hydration

water is added across the alkene double bond resulting in the formation of an alcohol. example: H2SO4, H2O (markovnikov)

Hydrohalogenation w/ Peroxides

the addition of hydrogen halides (HX) with peroxides, resulting in the anti-markovnikov addition of an alkyl halide. example: H-Br, ROOR

Oxymercuration-Demercuration

an alkene is treated with mercury(II) acetate and the product is treated with sodium borohydrid. Example: Hg(OAc)2,NaBH4 (markovnikov)

Hydroboration-Oxidation

the addition of a hydrogen and an OH group in a two step process. Example: BH3, H2O2, OH

Halogenation

the addition of a halogen across the double bond resulting in a dihalide. Example: Br2

Halohydrin Formation

an electrophilic addition reaction of alkenes where a halogen and a hydroxyl group are added to adjacent carbons of the double bond. Example: Br2, H2O

Epoxidation

a chemical reaction where an oxygen atom adds across the double bond, forming a three-membered ring. Example: RCO3H or mcpba

Oxidation with OsO4

a concerted process that has a cyclic intermediate and no rearrangements.

Ozonolysis

uses ozone to cleave double bonds in alkenes, resulting in the formation of carbonyl groups. Example: O3