Studied by 3 people
what is a maritime empire
states that established trading-post empires along oceans
how did new ships help Euro. create maritime empires
they combined Greek knowledge with new Asian and Islamic ideas; ships: Carrack, Caravel, Fluyt
other maritime technology that helped Euro. to create maritime empires
astronomical chart - any map of the stars and galaxeis
motivation for Euro. to explore the oceans
transoceanic trade routes to Asia
consequences of Euro. maritime voyages and empires
rapid expansion of exploration and global trade
what was the columbian exchange
the interactions between the Eastern and Western Hemispheres
who was the Columbian Exchange named after
Christopher Columbus
disease exchange due to the Columbian Exchange
measles, influenza, malaria, smallpox: killed millions of Indigenous people
food and animal exchange due to the Columbian Exchange
pork, beef, cheese, mediterranean foods all became staples of the American diet
exchange of people due to the Columbian Exchange
enslaved Africans were forcibly brought to the Western Hemisphere
why did Euro. use enslaved Africans for labor
sugar’s profitability increased the number of Africans captured and sold through the transatlantic slave trade
what was the Encomienda System
a system where landowners compelled Indigenous people to work for them in exchange for food and shelter
what was hacienda
a system where landowners landowners developed agriculture on their lands using coerced labor
what was the mit’a system
Incan system where young men were required to devote a certain amt. of time to labor in public works
what was indentured servitude
a system where individuals worked for up to 7 years without pay
why did Europeans think that African chattel slavery was a better labor system
euro. originally enslaved Indigenous people but diseases eventually wiped them out; Indigenous people often escaped bondage: they knew the territory, had social networks, could easily camouflage themselves
what was mercantilism
an economic system that increase gov. control of the economy through high tariffs and colonies
connection between mercantilism and Euro. states in creating colonies
euro. countries established colonies throughout the world
how was the Portuguese empire different form other euro. states
pressure towards the empire came from outside sources instead of from inside sources
how did the British and Dutch govs. support exploration and colonization
joint-stock companies - investors who bought stocks or shares in the global economy; they allowed for the companies to make colonies
what was the Casta System
pyramid that separated ppl. based on their ancestry (peninsular, criollos, mestizos, mulattoes, mambos, Indigenous and African ancestry)
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Flashcard (129)