Blood Pressure

SYSOLIC PRESS

• MAXIMUM PRESSURE in the arteries during ventricular systole

• Identified by the FIRST Korotkoff sound heard during the gradual release of cuff pressure

Diastolic Pressure

• Diastolic pressure is the MINIMUM PRESSURE in the arteries during ventricular diastole, when the heart is at rest between beats

• It is recorded when Korotkoff sounds disappear as the cuff pressure continues to decrease

• Phase 1: clear, tapping

• Phase 2: softer and longer

• Phase 3: crisper and louder

• Phase 4: muffled

• Phase 5: disappear

Korotkoff sound during the 5 phases

Auscultatory Gap

a period during cuff deflation when Korotkoff sounds temporarily disappear before reappearing

Sphygmomanometer & Stethoscope

Materials for blood pressure

Hale’s Method

DIRECT METHOD:

• An invasive technique involving arterial catheterization

High Fidelity Techniques

DIRECT METHOD:

• Advanced methods using electronic sensors for precise measurements.

Oscillatory

INDIRECT METHOD:

• Measures BP through cuff oscillations detected by an oscillometric device.

Palpatory (Riva-Rocci)

INDIRECT METHOD:

• Measures BP by palpating the radial pulse

• Less accurate (rough estimate of systolic pressure) compared to other methods.

5 minutes

Before the experiment, the patient should rest for how long

• COLD = vasoconstriction; ↑ Blood pressure

• HOT = vasodilation; ↓ Blood pressure

Effects of Temperature to blood pressure

• Blood distribution is even across the body

• Lower Blood Pressure —- reduced gravitational impact

Effects of Reclining position (below heart level)

• blood pools to lower extremities

• body’s response = INCREASE HEART RATE (maintain balance of blood)

Effects of Standing Position (above heart level)

Orthostatic Hypotension

• condition where BP drops significantly upon standing from a reclining position.

• body’s mechanisms to adjust blood flow and maintain BP are momentarily insufficient.