Upplysningen och romantiken

Galileo Galilei

Demonstrated that the Earth revolves around the Sun.

Isaac Newton

Discovered gravity and the laws of motion, which advanced research through observation and experiment.

René Descartes

Emphasized reason and methodological skepticism; famously stated, 'I think, therefore I am'.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Advocated for individual development and the right to choose in his book 'Emile', marking a breakthrough in pedagogy.

Voltaire

Fought for freedom of speech and criticized the church.

Immanuel Kant

Summed up Enlightenment as humanity's emergence from its self-imposed immaturity through belief in one's own reason.

Education Reform (1723)

Mandated compulsory education to improve literacy and allow access to agricultural texts.

Bruksskolan (Occupational School)

Focused on catechism and the Bible, existing in some parishes but not universally.

Monitor System

Introduced peer teaching with older students helping younger ones, establishing a foundation for modern schooling.

Transformation of Education

Shifted from priest-controlled theology to focusing on human capital, utility, and practical knowledge.

Revolutionary Ideas

French and American revolutions emphasized freedom, reason, and fighting injustices, leading to reason-based society.

Self-Responsibility in Education

Today's curricula emphasize developing students into independent individuals responsible for their learning.

Critical Thinking

Education today requires critical thinking and source criticism, echoing the Enlightenment's rebellion against authority.

Focus on Human Capital

Shifted perception of knowledge from theological education to useful knowledge for societal development.

Peer Learning

Current educational practices reflect the use of older peers teaching younger ones, akin to the monitor system.