Appendix A: Handouts and Flash Cards (Medical Prefixes, Suffixes, and Anatomical Concepts)

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards covering medical prefixes, suffixes, combining forms, abbreviations, eponyms, and anatomical definitions from the lecture notes.

a-, an-

not, without

brady-

slow

tachy-

fast, swift, rapid

hyper-

excessive, above

hypo-

insufficient, below

endo-

within, inside

trans-

through, across

hemi-

half

aden/o

gland

angi/o

vessel

cardi/o

heart

lith/o

stone

dermat/o

skin

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

onc/o

tumor

-algia

pain

-ectomy

surgical removal

-itis

inflammation

-megaly

enlargement

-osis

abnormal condition

-pathy

disease

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhea

flow, discharge

ADLs

activities of daily living

BID, b.i.d.

2 times a day

COPD

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

CVA

cerebrovascular accident

MI

myocardial infarction

STAT

at once, immediately

NPO

nothing by mouth

PRN

as needed, as necessary

Sanguineous drainage

bright red blood from a new cut

Purulent drainage

yellow, green, brown, or white drainage (pus) that usually contains bacteria and indicates infection

Condyloid joints

joints that allow movement in two planes, for instance front to back and side to side, such as in the wrist or knuckles

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

the main, or primary, pacemaker of the heart, located in the upper part of the right atrium

Tidal volume

the amount of air that flows into and leaves the lungs during respirations

Nephrons

the functional units of the kidney, containing about one million per kidney, that filter the blood

Amylase

a digestive enzyme found in saliva that breaks down carbohydrates

Antagonists

pairs of hormones that work together to maintain homeostasis by having opposite effects

Apgar score

a way of assessing how well an infant managed the birth process and the immediate transition to life outside the womb

Depolarization

the change in electrical charge from negative to positive that causes the heart muscle to contract

Bell palsy

paralysis of one side of the face likely caused by inflammation of the facial nerve

Crohn disease

an inflammatory disease that can affect any part of the digestive tract, but most commonly the small intestine

Ishihara plate

a card printed with an image of a number or shape with contrasting colors used to screen for color blindness

Ménière disease

a condition of the inner ear that causes vertigo, loss of balance, tinnitus, and hearing loss

Raynaud disease

a condition in which small arteries and arterioles, especially in fingers and toes, constrict in spasms, causing ischemia and pain

triiodothyronine ($T_3$)

a thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism

thyroxine ($T_4$)

a thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism