Chem Midterm - Chapter 5 Vocabulary

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Electromagnetic Radiation

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20 Terms

1

Electromagnetic Radiation

A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it travels through space

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2

Wavelength (λ)

the shortest distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave

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3

Frequency (v)

The number of waves that pass a given point per second

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4

Amplitude

A wave’s height from the origin to a crest, or from the origin to a trough

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5

Electromagnetic Spectrum (EM Spectrum)

Includes all forms of electromagnetic radiation, with the only differences in the types of radiation being their frequencies and wavelengths

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6

Quantum

The minimum amount of energy that can be gained or lost by an atom

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7

Photoelectric Effect

When electrons (called photoelectrons) are emitted from a metal’s surface when light of a certain frequency or higher, shines on the surface

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8

Photon

A massless particle that carries a quantum of energy

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9

Atomic Emission Spectrum

The set of frequencies of the electromagnetic waves emitted by atoms of the element

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10

Ground State

The lowest acceptable energy state of an atom

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11

Quantum Mechanical Model of Atom

The atomic model in which electrons are treated as waves

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12

Atomic Orbital

A 3D region around the nucleus, which describes the electron’s probable location

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13

Principal Quantum Number (n)

Indicates the relative size and energy of atomic orbitals

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14

Principal Energy Level

Each major energy level

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15

Energy Sublevel

Are part of principal energy levels

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16

Electron Configuration

the arrangement of electrons in an atom

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17

Aufbau Principle

Each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available

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18

Hund’s Rule

Single electrons with the same spin must occupy each equal-energy orbital before additional electrons with opposite spins can occupy the same orbital

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19

Valence Electron

Electrons in the atom’s outermost orbital

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20

Electron (Lewis) Dot Structure

A model that consists of the element’s symbol surrounded by dots representing all of the atom’s valence electrons

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