section 3 BMB

6 stages of neural development

neurogenesis, cell migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis, apoptosis, synapse rearrangement

neurogenesis

birth of new neurons

cell migration

neurons move to their destined locations

differentiation 

neurons becomes specialized

synaptogenesis

formation of synapses between neurons

apoptosis

programmed cell death

synapse rearrangement

“use it or lose it”, strengthened or eliminated based on experience

adult neurogenesis occurs in

hippocampus

ontogeny

complete developmental process of an individual organism 

3 layers of embryo

ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

ectoderm

outside packaging, NERVOUS SYSTEM

mesoderm 

structural components, bones, internal organs etc

endoderm

cell systems that line organs and vessels

neuroectoderm

part of the embryo’s ectoderm (outer layer) that develops into the nervous system

Anencephaly

failure of the neural tube to close at rostra lend 

Spina Bifida

failure of neural tube to close at the caudal end 

neurogenesis occurs in the

ventricular zone

2 types of migration

radial (inside - out), tangential (sideways)

why does brain volume increases about 4x between birth and adulthood?

Dendritic branching and synaptogenesis 

arched back nursing =

less stress