Ch. 6/7/8 Anatomy Exam Practice

Chapters 6, 7, and 8

Antigens

A, B, and the RH factor

Amount of blood types

8

What is blood composed of?

Approximately 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (cells)

Serum

Plasma with the clotting agents removed

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells, the most numerous cells in the blood

Erythrocytes 1

coated with the protein hemoglobin

Erythrocytes 2

Hemoglobin transports the oxygen and carbon dioxide to vital organs

Erythrocytes 3

Have no nucleus

Erythrocytes 4

Live about 120 days and are then destroyed by phagocytes in the liver or spleen

Neutrophil

Immune defense through phagocytosis. The most numerous of the leukocytes

Basophil

Inflammatory Response

Heparin

Anticoagulant

Histamine

Inflammatory response

Phagocytosis

The process of eating / destroying bacteria

Anemia

Decreased amounts of RBC’s or hemoglobin

Lymph Nodes

filtering units

Lymph Nodes (i) in the armpit

Axillary

Lymph nodes (ii) in the neck

Cervical

Lymph Nodes (iii) in the groin

Inguinal

Lymph nodes (iv) In the cavity between the lungs

Mediastinal

Spleen

reddish brown organ in the upper, left abdomen

Anaphylactic shock

life threatening allergic reaction

Autoimmune disorder

Immune system attacking its own body

Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDs)

disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

AIDs

This virus attacks the T lymphocytes and severely compromises the patient’s immune system resulting in death from an opportunistic infection

Vaccination

exposure to a weakened pathogen that stimulates the immune response and antibody production

Agglutin/o

clumping

Chrom/o

color

Coagul/o

clotting

Cyan/o

blue

Eosin/o

Rosy red

Erythr/o

red

Hem/o, Hemat/o

Blood

Leuk/o

white

Neutr/o

neutral

Path/o

disease

Phag/o, -phagia

eat, swallow

Thromb/o

clot

tox/o

poison

-apheresis

removal

-cytosis

referring to cells

-emia

blood condition

-globin

protein

-penia

Abnormal decrease

-phil

attracted to

-poiesis

formation

-stasis

standing still, stop

The respiratory system

delivers oxygen (O) to the cells and removes waste product carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body.

Normal respiratory rate

12-20

Pharynx

Throat

Pharynx (throat)

only structure common to both the respiratory and digestive systems

Larynx

Voice box

Right lung

3 lobes

Left lung

2 lobes

Mediastinum

The area between the lungs

Diaphragm

the primary muscles of respiration

Rales

crackling sound made on inspiration

Pneumonia

Accumulation of fluid in the lungs and pleural space caused by an inflammation

Asphyxia

Suffocation

Atel/o

incomplete

Brady/o

slow

Nas/o, Rhin/o

nose

Orth/o

upright, straight

Ox/o

oxygen

Phren/o

Diaphragm

Pulmon/o

lung, air

Spir/o

breathing

Tachy/o

fast

-capnia

reference to carbon dioxide levels

-pnea

breathing

-ptysis

spitting

-thorax

chest

Pharynx

a muscular tube that serves both the respiratory and digestive tracts

Larynx

the voice box

Epiglottis

flap which folds down to cover the larynx during swallowing

Peristalsis

The muscular wave-like contractions moving down the esophagus

Cecum

Pouch-like portion that connect to the ileum

Gallbladder

stores, concentrates and excretes bile to the duodenum

Hiatal Hernia

a portion of the stomach protrudes above the diaphragm

chol/o

bile, gall

cholangi/o

bile duct

cholecyst/o

gallbladder

col/o

colon

dent/o, odont/o

tooth

enter/o

intestine

gastr/o

stomach

gingiv/o

gums

gloss/o, lingu/o

tongue

hepat/o

liver

labi/o

lip

lapar/o

abdomen

or/o

mouth

proct/o

rectum

-emesis

vomit

-lithiasis

condition of stones

pepsia

digestion

-phagia

eat, swallow

-tripsy

surgical crushing

-retro

back, behind