O and A quiz 1

Anatomical position

Body erect (standing), face directed forward with head in natural position, eyes directed forward, arms adjacent to sides with palms facing forward, lower limbs together with feet flat and toes pointed forward

Prone

Body laying face down

Supine

Body laying face up

Lateral recumbent

Lying on side

Midsagittal plane

Divides body into equal right and left parts

Parasagittal plane

Divides the body into unequal right and left parts

Frontal plane

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

Transverse plane

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Bilateral

Paired structures ex. Kidneys

Bilateral

Paired structures ex. Kidneys

Ipsilateral

Same side of body ex. Liver and gall bladder

Contralateral

Opposite sides ex. Spleen vs. gallbladder

Caudal

Toward the tail

Caudal

Toward the tail

Cartilage

Resilient, semirigid form of connective tissue that forms parts of the skeleton where more flexibility is required

Costal cartilage

Connects the ribs with the sternum

Articular cartilage

Covers the articulating surfaces (weight bearing surfaces) that are part of the synovial joint; provides low friction surfaces

Bone

Hard, living connective tissue forming most of the skeleton

Periosteum

Fibrous connective tissue covering each bone

Number of bones in adults

206

Long bones

Tubular

Short bones

Cuboidal and found only in tarsus and carpus

Flat bones

Usually serve protective function

Irregular bones

Various shapes other than long, flat, short

Sesamoid bones

Develop within tendons and found where tendons cross the end of long bones in the limb; patella, pisiform, hyoid

Crest

Ridge of bone

Process

An extension serving a particular purpose, having a characteristic shape, extending in a particular direction

Epicondyle

Eminence superior or adjacent to a condyle

Line

Linear elevation sometimes called a ridge

Malleolus

Rounded process

Protuberance

Bulge or projection of bone

Spine

Thorn-like process

Trochanter

Large, blunt elevation

Tubercle

Small raised eminence

Tuberosity

Large rounded elevation

Condyle

Rounded, knuckle-like articular area, often occur in pairs

Capitulum

Snack round articular head

trochlea

Spool-like articular process that acts like a pulley

Facet

Smooth flat area where bones articulate usually covered by cartilage

Head

Large round articular end

Fossa

Hollow or depressed area

Groove

Elongated depression or furrow

Notch

Indention at the edge of a bone

Canal

Elongated passage within a bone

Fissure

A slit-like opening within a bone

Foramen

Passage through a bone

Meatus

Blind ended canal; depressed passageway