Sports Psychology Mid term

Which of the following principles is not included in the description of physical activity as “ moderate brisk walking for 60 mins”

Frequency

Generally, how much physical activity is suggested for adults in national and global recommendations?

150 mins per week

Which of the following is an example of quantitive research?

A report of the results of a statistical test of the association between motivation and physical activity behavior

What type of model be describes the approach of an intervention designed to increase physical activity based on several theories, including inter-relations between individuals and their social and physical environments?

Ecological

Which of the following is the best example of strength-based approach to promoting physical activity

A social media post showing a girl smiling while playing with her family in a field

Children and adolescents (6-17 yrs old) should do 150 minutes or more of moderate to vigorous physical activity weekly

False

The biological model of illness includes psychological, social, and biological factors to understand a persons medical illness or disease risks

False

People who are regularly physically active tend to live longer than people who are less regularly active

true

If the effect of physical activity or depressive symptoms was found to be stronger for women than men in a study, this is an example of moderation effect

True

________ Is a way to interpret how large an effect in a study is that does not rely on arbitrariness of effect size descriptive

Benchmarking

A ______ is a variable that is associated with either an increase or decrease of physical activity whereas________ is a variable that has casual association with physical activity

correlate;determinant

A________ education level is correlated with more physical activity behavior

Higher

The most common reported barrier to physical activity is lack of _____

Time

Although not a drug, the scientific evidence of the benefits of physical activity has led to the popularity of the saying “________” even though physical activity is quite different to prescriptions when it comes to motivation of adherence

Exercise is medicine

Research is revealing that very few people are meeting both the physical activity and sedentary behavior guidelines. Canadian researchers found that only what percentage of 3-4 yrs old’s are meeting both guidelines

15%

According to sedentary behavior guidelines, how much screen time is recommended for children aged 2-4 yrs old

less than 1 hour

Which of the following statements is true regarding the research by Edward Archer and his colleagues on the physical activity of mothers from 1965 to 2010?

Mothers in 2010 would have to eat 175 to 225 fewer calories per day to prevent weight gain than mothers in 1965

Research by Lepp and his colleagues found that students averaged just over how many minutes of cell phone use per day?

300 mins

Screen time is often used to describe playing video games and using a computer but not watching TV

False

Younger populations are more sedentary than older populations

False

Smokers are less sedentary than non smokers

False

Gardner found that people think of the higher order activity or goal rather than the behavior of sitting

True

Self - Efficacy concerns beliefs about which of the following

Ones capability to execute a given behavior

The most powerful source of efficacy information is thought to be which of the following

Past performance accomplishments

which of the following is a common source of normative beliefs for physical activity

Family members

In general, research has found that ______ is the strongest predictor of physical activity

Intention

Which of the following is a limitation of the theory of planned behavior

There is ambiguity with how to define perceived behavioral control

According to Bandura’s social cognitive theory, the foundation of human behavior is based on outcome expectations

False

Self-Efficacy strength refers to the degree of conviction that a particular task or component of a task can be carried out successfully

True

A common behavioral belief for physical activity is that it improves physical appearance and increases social interaction

true

Intention is the strongest determinant of our behavior

true

Based on the theory of planned behavior a persons behavioral intentions are influenced by their attitudes about the behavior, the perceived social pressure to perform the behavior (subjective norm),and the amount of perceived control over performing the behavior ( perceived behavioral control)

true

The degree to which efficacy beliefs transfer to related tasks known as ______

Generality

Rhodes ad colleagues suggest that self-efficacy items should include a phrase that holds motivation constant in order to separate motivation from ______ in self efficacy assessment

Ability

According to the theory of planned behavior, ________ to perform a behavior is central determinant of whether an individual engages in that behavior

Intention

Which component of health belief model is missing from the following persuasive communication:

Women have 1 in 19 risk of developing osteoporosis in their lifetime. Recent research has shown that regular, weight bearing exercise can result in stronger bones and delay or even prevent osteoporosis. Many people find that lifestyle physical activities can be incorporated into their daily life, are easy to do, and don’t require much energy

Perceived severity

One of the major limitation of health belief model in comparison to other models is that

it assumes that disease prevention is the exclusive motive for health behavior

Posters, commercials, and text messages regarding importance of physical activity are examples of which of the following

Cues to action

Protection motivation theory assumes that copying appraisals and threat appraisals determine the intention to exercise

True

Self determination theory assumes there are different qualities of motivation on a continuum

True

Bill is afraid of getting lung cancer. However, bill feels that his smoking habit has little to do with his chances of getting the disease and also lacks the confidence to quit. according to protection motivation theory bill has low overall _______ appraisal to quit smoking

coping

Controlled forms of motivation comprise ________ and external regulations

Introjected

A message that includes the harmful effects of cigarette smoking and the high chance of getting these harmful effects is manipulation ______ appraisal, according to protection motivation theory

Threat

Which term refers to experiencing and expressing feelings about the consequences of a positive behavior?

Dramatic relief

Emphasizing only the pros of a behavior is a strategy for people in what stage of change

precontemplation

Which of the following is a potential limitation of the transtheoretical model?

The time frames in the model that denote different stages seem arbitrary

What is the best test whether the transtheoretical model is an effective way to understand physical activity change

Examining whether stage matched versus stag mismatched interventions are different in promoting physical activity

What is the core construct in the control theory model

Self monitoring system

According to the multiprocess action control framework, reflective processes include:

Affective attitude, perceived capability, opportunity

The transtheoretical model was created from a comparative analysis of 300 theories

True

In transtheoretical theory, temptation and self efficacy are thought to work as antagonists as one moves through the stages of change

True

Jane is seriously thinking about joining a local running group. The group meets twice per week and one of the times conflicts with another leisure time activity she enjoys. to figure out whether she will join the running group, jane writes down the pros and cons associated with making this new change in her life. According to the transtheoretical model, Jane is engaging in

Decisional balance

Changing your behavior to be a role model for other is known as _________ reevaluation according to the transtheoretical model

Environmental

Analyzing barriers to physical activity participation from the week before in order to set up a new plan is called _________ self efficacy

recovery

Which of the following best describes the controversy of priming effects research

Some of the findings in the field did not replace when tested in separate studies

Burke and Stets theorize that when we don’t perform as well as we’d like in an area that we strongly identify with , it will lead to which of the following

Negative effect and dissonance that motivates change in behavior

The scientific term for the idea that humans have a tendency to pursue pleasure and avoid displeasure is

Psychological hedonism

Which of the following is most likely to elicit self control situation?

When someone has favorable automatic evaluations toward physical activity but values the health benefits of physical activity

Which of the following is an example of moderation effect?

People with depressive symptoms have a different habit behavior association effect size than people without depressive symptoms

The theory of effort minimization proposes that people tend to approach opportunities to use excess energy

False

Integral effect is the affect felt as a response to a behavioral risk

True

Schemas are used to process self related information efficiently

True

People can resist their strongly habitual behaviors

true

Habit is defined as the process by which a persons behavior is influenced from a prompt to act based on well learned ________ between cues and behaviors

Associations

Associative learning occurs through developed or strengthening of mentally held links or ________

Automatic associations

Dual process models propose that there are two types of influence on our behavior: ______, which are based on values and expectations, and __________, which are the more silent, spontaneous, unintentional influences on our behavior

Controlled; tendencies

A system where the results of a process impacts the start of the next one is

Feedback loop