period 8 AP classroom

According to the graph above, the largest decrease in the percent of Americans living below the poverty line accompanied which of the following federal policy initiatives?

The Great Society

"I assert that we are [in] trouble with this younger generation not because we have failed our country, not because of affluence or stupidity, . . . not because we are middle-class materialists, but simply because we have failed to keep that generation in its place. . . .
"To the extent that we now rely on the police, mace, the National Guard, tear gas, steel fences and a wringing of hands, we will fail. What we need is a reappraisal of our own middle-class selves, our worth and our hard-won progress. We need to use disdain, not mace; we need to reassess a weapon we came by the hard way—firm authority as parents, teachers, businessmen, workers and politicians."
K. Ross Toole, An Angry Man Talks Up to Youth, 1970

Which of the following was a long-term reaction to the actions of the youth addressed in the excerpt?

The emergence of a conservative backlash against perceived cultural decline

"Current sit-ins and other demonstrations are concerned with something much bigger than a hamburger.... Whatever may be the difference in approach to their goal... students, North and South, are seeking to rid America of the scourge of... discrimination—not only at lunch counters, but in every aspect of life."
Ella Baker, "Bigger Than a Hamburger," Raleigh, NC, 1960

The tactics described in the excerpt best represent which of the following?

Using nonviolence

Betty Friedan is best known for her

criticism of traditional gender roles

The Black Power movement of the late 1960s advocated that African Americans

establish control of their political and economic life

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was a Supreme Court decision that

declared racially segregated public schools inherently unequal

"For each of us, as for the robin in Michigan or the salmon in the Miramichi, this is a problem of ecology, of interrelationships, of interdependence. We poison the caddis flies in the stream and the salmon runs dwindle and die. . . . We spray our elms and the following springs are silent of robin song, not because we sprayed the robins directly but because the poison traveled, step by step, through the now familiar elm leaf-earthworm-robin cycle. These are matters of record, observable, part of the visible world around us."
Rachel Carson, Silent Spring, 1962

Which of the following developments contributed most directly to the conditions described in the excerpt?

The growth of suburban housing on previously undeveloped land

"The systematic exclusion of persons of Mexican descent from service as jury commissioners, grand jurors, and petit jurors in the Texas county in which petitioner was indicted and tried for murder, although there were a substantial number of such persons in the county fully qualified to serve, deprived petitioner, a person of Mexican descent, of the equal protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment, and his conviction in a state court is reversed."
United States Supreme Court, ruling in Hernandez v. Texas, 1954

The decision guaranteeing the rights of Mexican Americans to serve on juries most directly resulted from which of the following historical processes during this period?

The use of court challenges to obtain legal reforms

The Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s successfully eliminated

legal segregation

The Civil Rights movement of the late 1960s was characterized by which of the following?

A growing split between those who advocated nonviolence and those who favored more aggressive tactics to achieve civil rights

President Dwight Eisenhower, farewell address, 1961
Senator John F. Kennedy, presidential campaign speech, 1960

The excerpts best support which of the following arguments about postwar United States foreign policy?

Fear of Soviet expansion led to greater United States international involvement.

The policy of containment, justified by George Kennan's 1947 analysis of the international situation, called for

blocking the expansion of the Soviet Union's influence

All of the following were crises during Dwight D. Eisenhower's presidency EXCEPT

the Soviet Union blockading river, road, and rail traffic into West Berlin

Which of the following resulted from the Cuban missile crisis?

The Soviets withdrew their missiles from Cuba in exchange for a promise from the United States not to attack Fidel Castro.

The decade after the Second World War was characterized by all of the following EXCEPT

widespread student opposition to the development of nuclear weaponry

"We believe that the Negro should adopt every means to protect himself against barbarous practices inflicted upon him because of color.
"We believe in the freedom of Africa for the Negro people of the world, and by the principle of Europe for the Europeans and Asia for the Asiatics, we also demand Africa for the Africans at home and abroad....Marcus Garvey, Declaration of Rights of the Negro Peoples of the World, adopted at the first convention of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA), August 1920

Which of the following later movements held ideas closest to those expressed by Garvey in the excerpt?

Malcolm X's Black nationalism emphasizing racial pride and economic self-sufficiency

Major domestic developments in the United States during President Eisenhower's two terms included all of the following EXCEPT

the dismantling of New Deal welfare programs

Which of the following led to the most significant escalation of United States military involvement in Vietnam?

Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

The Free Speech Movement (FSM), the National Organization for Women (NOW), and the American Indian Movement (AIM) were all largely influenced by the

tactics of Civil Rights activists

"Resolved, That the Senator from Wisconsin, Mr. [Joseph] McCarthy . . . repeatedly abused the subcommittee and its members who were trying to carry out assigned duties, thereby obstructing the constitutional processes of the Senate, and that this conduct of the Senator from Wisconsin, Mr. McCarthy, is contrary to senatorial traditions and is hereby condemned.
United States Senate Resolution 301, 1954

The excerpt could best be used as evidence by historians studying which of the following?

The decline of the Red Scare

Which of the following was a major effect of the passage of the Immigration Act of 1965?

Immigration from Asia increased significantly.

One way in which immigration policy in the 1960s differed from immigration policy enacted in the 1920s was that legislation in the 1960s

Loosened restrictions on immigration on the basis of national origin

"A shadow has fallen upon the scenes so lately lighted by the Allied victory. Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its Communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits, if any, to their expansive and proselytizing tendencies. . . . It is my duty . . . to place before you certain facts about the present position in Europe. Former British Prime Minister Sir Winston Churchill, speaking at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, "Sinews of Peace," (better known as the "Iron Curtain Speech"), 1946

The fact that a former British prime minister expressed the ideas in the excerpt to an audience in the United States helped promote which of the following?

The participation of both Britain and the United States in an international collective security system

Kent State University was the site in 1970 of which of the following events?

An antiwar demonstration in which four students were killed by members of the National Guard

The initial response of the United Stated to the outbreak of war in Korea was to

seek collective action against North Korea through the United Nations

When is a dollar more than a dollar?
"Answer: When it's used in Levittown, the most perfectly planned community in America!
"Anybody can build a house and charge a lot of money for it. But it's news—big news—when you can find a house . . . to buy for only $8,990. It's a beauty with 3 and a half delightful rooms.
"PLUS professionally landscaped grounds. . . .
"PLUS a complete bath with a tub, toilet, shower, basin . . .
"PLUS . . . all-steel kitchen cabinets, a stainless steel sink . . .
"PLUS free use of Levittown's championship swimming pools,
"PLUS free use of all playgrounds, baseball fields, play areas. . . .
"So if you don't want to be disappointed, come out as soon as you can—today if possible."
Advertisement for Levitt and Sons housing development in Levittown, Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Inquirer, 1951

Which of the following best explains a limitation of the incentives expressed in the advertisement?

Many new suburban housing developments of the 1950s practiced racial segregation.

In the early 1960s, Malcolm X challenged the leadership of Martin Luther King, Jr., in the Civil Rights movement by arguing that

African Americans must defend themselves against racism by using violence if necessary

The main goal of the Marshall Plan was to

finance the economic reconstruction of Western Europe

The central point of the 1960s cartoon above was that

the cost of the Vietnam War limited the President's ability to carry out domestic programs

"Economic growth was indeed the most decisive force in the shaping of attitudes and expectations in the postwar era. The prosperity of the period broadened gradually in the late 1940s, accelerated in the 1950s, and soared to unimaginable heights in the 1960s. By then it was a boom that astonished observers. One economist, writing about the twenty-five years following World War II, put it simply by saying that this was a 'quarter century of sustained growth at the highest rates in recorded history.' Former Prime Minister Edward Heath of Great Britain agreed, observing that the United States at the time was enjoying 'the greatest prosperity the world has ever known.'"
— James T. Patterson, historian, Grand Expectations: The United States, 1945-1974, published in 1996

Many of the federal policies and initiatives passed in the 1960s address which of the following about the economic trend described in the excerpt?

Pockets of poverty persisted despite overall affluence.