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Narration
to explain information about your topic as a series of events in story format
Description
to create a picture of works to help the reader visualize something a writer experiences
process analysis
to explain a process by giving directions about how to do something or how something is done
exemplification/illustration
to discuss a topic by using several examples to go into depth on one extended example
comparison and contrast
to show how two or more areas of your topic are similar or different or both
classification and division
to break a topic into categories and explain what goes together and why they go together
definition
to define a word in a way that ensures the reader and speaker have a common understanding of what it means- then demonstrate how the word does or doesn’t fit that definition
cause and effect
to explain what caused something to happen; answers why something happened as a result of something else