GENCHEM LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY

STUDY OF MATTER, THE SUBSTANCES THAT MAKE UP THE UNIVERSE

ATOMS

BUILDING BLOCKS OF MATTER

ATOMS

PROTONS, ELECTRONS, NEUTRONS

ELEMENTS

PURE SUBSTANCES MADE UP OF ONLY ONE TYPE OF ATOM

MOLECULES

GROUPS OF ATOMS STUCK TOGETHER, LIKE WATER

CHEMICAL REACTIONS

WHEN SUBSTANCES CHANGES INTO NEW ONES

CHEMISTRY

IT’S EVERYWHERE—WE RELY ON IT DAILY, EVEN IF WE DON’T SEE IT

COMPOSITION

WHAT THEY’RE MADE UP OF

STRUCTURE

HOW THEY’RE ARRANGED

PROPERTIES

CHARACTERISTICS LIKE, COLOR, STATE, AND REACTIVITY

CHANGES

_________ THEY UNDERGO

ENERGY

HEAT INVOLVED IN THESE CHANGES

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

STUDIES NON-LIVING THINGS—MAINLY THINGS THAT AREN’T BASED ON CARBON

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

STUDIES ALL ELEMENTS AND THEIR COMPONENTS

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

METALS, MINERALS, AND NON-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

STUDIES CRYTAL STRUCTURES

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

STUDIES CARBON-BASED COMPOUNDS (LIVING)

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

HYDROCARBONS

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

MEDICINES AND DRUGS

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY

FOOD CHEMISTRY

BIOCHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY OF LIFE

BIOCHEMISTRY

STUDIES CHEMICAL PROCESSES WITHIN LIVING ORGANISMS

BIOCHEMISTRY

MIX OF BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY

PROTEINS

LIKE ENZYMES THAT SPEED UP REACTIONS

CARBOHYDRATES

SUGARS THAT GIVES US ENERGY

DNA AND RNA

MOLECULES THAT CARRY GENETIC INFORMATION

FATS / LIPIDS

USED FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND CELL MEMBRANES

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

BRIDGES CHEMISTRY WITH PHYSICS

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

STUDIES THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MOLECULE ENERGY CHANGES, AND REACTION MECHANISMS

PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY

THERMODYNAMICS AND QUANTUM

THERMODYNAMICS

STUDY OF ENERGY

QUANTUM

SMALLEST DISCRETE UNIT OF ANY PHYSICAL PROPERTY

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

DETERMINES “WHAT IS IT” AND “HOW MUCH IS THERE”

ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

INVOLVES QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS (IDENTIFYING SUBSTANCE) AND QUANTITIVE ANALYSIS (MEASURING)

ANCIENT BABYLONIAN (1000 BC)

PRACTICED FERMENTATION

FERMENTATION

SUBSTANCE BREAKS DOWN INTO A SIMPLER SUBSTANCE

ANCIENT BABYLONIANS (1000 BC)

PRACTICED BREWING

BREWING

PRODUCTION OF BEER

ANCIENT BABYLONIAN (1000 BC)

METALLURGY, EXTRACTING METALS LIKE COPPER AND TIN FROM ORES TO MAKE TOOLS AND WEAPONS

ANCIENT EGYPTIANS

PRACTICED EMBALMING TO PRESERVE BODIES (MUMMIFICATION)

ANCIENT EGYPTIANS

CREATED COSMETICS USING NATURAL INGREDIENTS

ANCIENT EGYPTIANS

DEVELOPED PAPYRUS

PAPYRUS

OLD PAPER FROM A PLANT

ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS

INVENTED ALLOYS, SUCH AS BRONZE (COPPER + TIN)

ANCIENT GREEKS AND ROMANS

INTRODUCED PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPTS ABOUT THE NATURE OF MATTER AND THE FOUR ELEMENTS THEORY (EARTH, WATER, FIRE, AIR)—ARISTOTLE

MODERN CHEMISTRY

16TH-18TH CENTURY

MODERN CHEMISTRY

WE SHIFTED FROM OUR OWN BELIEFS TO SCIENTIFIC DISCOVERIES

USE SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATIONS, APPLY QUANTITATIVE MEASUREMENTS

PHILOSOPHERS AND SCIENTISTS BEGAN TO:

ROBERT BOYLE

THE SKEPTICAL CHEMIST

ROBERT BOYLE

MATTER CONSISTS OF TINY PARTICLES IN MOTION

JOSEPH PRIESTLY

DISCOVERED OXYGEN AND OTHER GASES, LAYING THE GROUNDWORK FOR MODERN GAS CHEMISTRY

HENRY CAVENDISH

DISCOVERED HYDROGEN AND DETERMINED THAT WATER IS FORMED WHEN HYDROGEN BURNS IN AIR

ANTOINE LAVOISIER

NAMED OXYGEN AND HYDROGEN

ANTOINE LAVOISIER

ESTABLISH THE LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

ANTOINE LAVOISIER

FATHER OF MODERN CHEMISTRY

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

STATES THAT EVERY CHEMICAL COMPOUND CONTAINS FIXED AND CONSTANT PROPORTIONS BY WEIGHT OF ITS CONSTITUENT ELEMENTS

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

STATES THAT MATTER CANOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED IN A CHEMICAL REACTION

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

THE MASS OF THAT ELEMENT AT THE BEGINNING OF A REACTION WILL EQUAL THE MASS OF THAT ELEMENT AT THE END OF THE REACTIONS

LAW OF CONSERVATION OF MASS

AFTER A REACTION, THE TOTAL AMOUNT OF MATTER STAYS THE SAME

LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS

PROPOSED BY JOSEPH PROUST

LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS

A SPECIFIC CHEMICAL COMPOUND ALWAYS HAS THE SAME ELEMENTS IN THE SAME RATIO BY MASS

LAW OF DEFINITE PROPORTIONS

A COMPOUND IS ALWAYS MADE WITH THE SAME ELEMENTS IN THE SAME AMOUNTS

COMPOUNDS

TWO OR MORE DIFFERENT ELEMENT

MOLECULES

TWO OR MORE ATOMS WITH THE SAME ELEMENT

ATOMS

ONLY ONE ELEMENT

IONS

AN ATOM OR GROUP OF ATOMS THAT HAS AN ELECTRIC CHARGE BECAUSE IT HAS LOST OR GAINED ELECTRONS

DEMOCRITUS

GREEK PHILOSOPHER

DEMOCRITUS

“MATTER IS MADE UP OF SMALL AND INDIVISIBLE PARTICLES CALLED ‘ATOMOS’”

ATOMOS

UNCUT, INDIVISIBLE

MATTER

COMPOSED OF ONE KIND OF ATOM OR A COMBINATION OF ONE OR MORE DIFFERENT ATOMS

MATTER

ANYTHING THAT OCCUPIES SPACE AND MASS

MATTER

EXISTS IN 3 STATES OR PHASES

SOLID ——— LIQUID

MELTING

SOLID ——— GAS

SUBLIMATION

GAS ——— SOLID

DEPOSITION

GAS ——— LIQUID

CONDENSATION

LIQUID ——— GAS

EVAPORATION

LIQUID ——— SOLID

FREEZING

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

RETAIN THE IDENTITY OF MATTER AND NO NEW SUBSTANCE INVOLVED

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

YOU CAN OBSERVE OR MEASURE WITHOUT CHANGING WHAT THE SUBSTANCE IS MADE OF

INTENSIVE PROPERTY

INVISIBLE

EXTENSIVE PROPERTY

VISIBLE

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

CHANGE OF IDENTITY OF MATTER AND/OR NEW SUBSTANCE

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

SHOWS HOW A SUBSTANCE CAN CHANGE INTO A NEW ONE

FLAMMABILITY, ABILITY TO CHANGE COLOR, ABILITY TO FORM BUBBLES WHEN HEATED

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER (3)