Gene Regulation
Studied by 0 people
Learn
Practice Test
Spaced Repetition
Match
Flashcards1/14
There's no tags or description
Looks like no tags are added yet.
Name | Mastery | Learn | Test | Matching | Spaced |
|---|
No study sessions yet.
15 Terms
What is gene regulation?
The process of turning genes on and off
What are housekeeping genes?
They are genes that code for the enzymes that are necessary for reactions present in metabolic pathways (like respiration) that are constantly required.
Protein based hormones
They are required for the growth and development of an organism or enzyme
When are protein based hormones required?
Only required by certain cells at certain times to carry out a short lived response
What are protein based hormones coded by?
Tissue specific genes
Are entire genomes of an organism present in every prokaryotic /eukaryotic cell containing a nucleus?
Yes
What is the genome?
The complete set of genes present in a cell.
The full genome is present within every cell of an organism, but not every gene is expressed in every cell.
Gene Expression and its Regulation
The expression of genes and the rate of synthesis of protein products (like enzymes and hormones) have to be regulated.
Therefore, genes can be turned on or off. This way, the rate of product synthesis is increased or decreased depending on demand.
(e.g. if insulin is needed, the insulin gene will be expressed at a higher rate, and vice versa)
Why is gene regulation important?
It means that vital resources aren't being wasted since genes are only expressed when the products are needed.
Is gene regulation the same in prokaryotes and eukaryotes?
Yes
However, the stimuli that cause changes in gene expression and the responses produced are more complex in eukaryotes because multicellular organisms have to respond to changes in the external AND internal environment
Different ways genes are regulated:
- Transcriptional
- Post transcriptional
- Translational
- Post translational
Transcriptional
Genes can be turned on or off
Post-transcriptional
mRNA can be modified, which regulates translation and the types of proteins produced
Translational
Translation can be stopped or started
Post-translational
Proteins can be modified after synthesis which changes their functions