IPS1 - [Disperse System] - Aerosols

Proverbs 16:3

Aerosols

These are pressurized dosage forms designed to deliver drug systemically or topically with the aid of a liquefied or

propelled gas (propellant).

Pressurized package

The aerosol container is also known as ____

● Fine mist

● Coarse, wet, or dry spray

● Steady stream

● Stable or fast-breaking foam

Aerosol products may be designed to expel their contents as a:

● Inhalation aerosols

● Nasal aerosols

● Lingual aerosols

● Topical aerosols

Types of Aerosol

Inhalation aerosols

[TYPES OF AEROSOLS]

These are commonly known as METERED-DOSE inhalers.

Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs)

[TYPES OF AEROSOLS]

Inhalation aerosols are commonly known as ____

Inhalation aerosols

[TYPES OF AEROSOLS]

These are intended to produce particles or droplets for inhalation through the mouth and deposition in the pulmonary tree.

Nasal aerosols

[TYPES OF AEROSOLS]

These are commonly known as NASAL MDIs, producing fine particles or droplets for delivery through the nasal vestibule and deposition in the nasal cavity.

Lingual aerosols

[TYPES OF AEROSOLS]

These are intended to produce fine particles or droplets for deposition on the surface of the TONGUE.

Topical aerosols

[TYPES OF AEROSOLS]

These are intended to produce fine particles or droplets for application to the SKIN.

● Product concentrate

● Propellant

Components of Aerosol Product

● Active ingredients

● Antioxidants

● Surfactants

● Solvents

[COMPONENTS OF AEROSOL PRODUCT]

Components of PRODUCT CONCENTRATE

● Compressed gases

● Liquefiable gases

[COMPONENTS OF AEROSOL PRODUCT]

Gases used as a propellant can be ___ or ____

● Carbon dioxide

● Nitrogen

● Nitrous oxide

[COMPONENTS OF AEROSOL PRODUCT]

Examples of COMPRESSED gases

● Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

● Trichloromonofluoromethane

● Dichlorodifluoromethane

● Dichlorotetrafluoroethane

[COMPONENTS OF AEROSOL PRODUCT]

Examples of LIQUEFIABLE gases

● Medication may be easily withdrawn from the package WITHOUT CONTAMINATION or exposure to the remaining material

● The aerosol container PROTECTS medicinal agents adversely affected by atmospheric oxygen and moisture

● Topical medication may be applied in a UNIFORM THIN layer to the skin without anything else touching the affected area

● The use of metered valves allows DOSAGE CONTROL

● Aerosol application is a CLEAN process, requiring little or no washup by the user

Advantages of aerosols

● Aerosols are COSTLY preparations

● Some propellants are very TOXIC

● The cooling effect of highly volatile propellants may cause DISCOMFORT on injured skin

● Aerosol packs should be kept away from high temperature and fire because increased pressure may lead to EXPLOSION

Disadvantages of aerosols

● Cold Filling

● Pressure Filling

Methods of Filling Aerosols

Cold Filling

[METHODS OF FILLING AEROSOL]

Product concentrate and propellant are cooled at -34.5 to -40°C

-34.5°C to -40°C

[METHODS OF FILLING AEROSOL]

In COLD FILLING product concentrate and propellant are cooled at ____ C

Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs)

These devices allow a drug to be inhaled as a fine mist of drug or drug-containing particles for systemic or pulmonary delivery.

Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs)

These devices use special metering valves to regulate the amount of formulation and the drug that is dispensed in each dose.

Metered-Dose Inhalers (MDIs)

These devices are commonly employed in asthma therapy.

● Actuator

● Stem

● Gasket

● Spring

● Mounting Clip

● Housing

● Dip Tube

Parts of Aerosol Container and Valve Assembly

Actuator

[AEROSOL CONTAINER AND VALVE ASSEMBLY]

The "button" the user presses to activate the valve assembly for emission of the product

Stem

[AEROSOL CONTAINER AND VALVE ASSEMBLY]

Delivers the formulation in the proper form to the chamber of the actuator

Gasket

[AEROSOL CONTAINER AND VALVE ASSEMBLY]

Prevents leakage of the formulation when the valve is closed.

Spring

[AEROSOL CONTAINER AND VALVE ASSEMBLY]

The mechanism by which the actuator retracts when pressure is released, returning the valve to the closed position

Mounting clip

[AEROSOL CONTAINER AND VALVE ASSEMBLY]

Holds the valve in place

Housing

[AEROSOL CONTAINER AND VALVE ASSEMBLY]

Links the dip tube and the stem and actuator

Dip Tube

[AEROSOL CONTAINER AND VALVE ASSEMBLY]

Brings the formulation from the container to the valve.