concept 9.3: after pyruvate is oxidized, the citric acid cycle completes the energy yielding oxidation of organic molecules

what happens to most of the energy in glucose

most of the energy in glucose remains stored in the two pyruvate molecules produced by glycolysis

where does pyruvate go in a eukaryotic cell go if O2 is present

enters the mitochondrion to complete glucose oxidation

where does pyruvate go in a eukaryotic cell go if O2 is NOT present

goes to the cytosol

what must happen before the citric acid begins

a pyruvate must be converted to acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl CoA)

where does the citric acid cycle occur

occurs in the mitochondria

does the citric acid cycle require O2

the citric acid cycle does require O2

how is acetyl CoA produced

needs one pyruvate molecule and makes NADH+, H+, and CO2

what does pyruvate dehydrogenase do

it catalyzes three reactions

what does the oxidation of pyruvates carboxyl group do

releases the first CO2 of cellular respiration

is any ATP generated during the process of pyruvate dehydrogenase catalyzing

no ATP is generated at all

what happens first in the mitochondria before the citric acid cycle begins

Pyruvate is transported to the mitochondrial matric before it is converted to acetyl CoA

other name for the citric acid cycle

the triboxylic acid cycle (TCA) or Krebs cycle

where does the citric acid cycle take place

in the mitochondrial matrix

what does the citric acid cycle oxidize

it oxidizes organic fuel derived from one molecule of pyruvate

the citric acid cycle oxidizing organic fuel generates what

1 ATP, 3 NADH, and ! FADH2

what does the partial oxidation of organic fuel do

breaks C-C bonds and releases CO2

what happens to the electrons from the oxidation of pyruvic acid

the electrons are added to NAD+ and Fad (an electron carrier) to produce NADH and FADH2

where does the 1 ATP come from in the citric acid cycle

is assembled from ADP + PO4 through substrate level phosphorylation using the energy from oxidation

what are the products of the citric acid cycle

2 ATP, 6 NADH+ 6 H+, 2 FADH2, 4 CO2

what is FAD

an electron carrier that becomes reduced when it accepts electrons to become FADH2

what is the first step of the citric acid cycle

the acetyls group of acetyl acid joins the cycle by comping with oxaloacetate forming citrate

what are the following 7 steps of the citric acid cycle

the next 7 steps of the citric acid cycle are decomposing the citrate back to oxaloacetate which makes the process a cycle

what does the NADH and FADH2 produced by the cycle do

they relay electrons to the electron transport chain