layers of skin + phases of wound healing

epidermis

serves as the outermost layer of the skin

epidermis

initial protective barrier of the skin

stratum corneum

layer of epidermis that consists of dead keratinocytes

stratum corneum

layer of epidermis that provides waterproofing of the skin

stratum lucidum

layer of epidermis that is found between corneum & granulosum

stratum lucidum

layer of epidermis that is made up of translucent cells that are only found in the **palms and soles** of the feet

stratum granulosum

layer of epidermis where cells of langerhans are located

stratum granulosum

layer of epidermis responsible for water retention

stratum spinosum

layer of epidermis that contains keratinocytes & cells of langerhans

stratum spinosum

layer of epidermis that adds additional protective layer to the skin

stratum basale

layer of epidermis that contains a single layer of epidermal cells

stratum basale

layer of epidermis that contains melanocytes that can regenerate

dermis

mostly composed of collagen & elastin fibers

dermis

contains a network of nerve endings, sensory receptors, blood vessels, capillaries, some lymphatics and sweat & sebaceous glands

dermis

divided into papillary and reticular layer

papillary layer

layer of dermis that supports structure of skin and provides mechanical strength

papillary layer

layer of dermis that is an extensive series of ridges

papillary layer

layer of dermis that aims to increase the surface area of the dermis and skin

papillary layer

layer of dermis that makes up the stretchy component d/t extra surface area underneath

reticular layer

layer of dermis that attaches to the subcutaneous fatty tissue via connective tissues

subcutaneous fatty tissue (hypodermis)

composed of adipose and connective tissues

subcutaneous fatty tissue (hypodermis)

where the major blood vessels are located

subcutaneous fatty tissue (hypodermis)

technically not part of the skin but it is attached to the dermis

subcutaneous fatty tissue (hypodermis)

concerned with thermal insulation d/t presence of adipose tissue & storage of calories

subcutaneous fatty tissue (hypodermis)

mechanical shock absorber

subcutaneous fatty tissue (hypodermis)

helps in cushioning the blow

epidermis

serves as a barrier between body and environment

stratum corneum

layer of epidermis that is hardened

stratum granulusom

layer of epidermis that contains lamellar granules

stratum lucidum and granulusom

layers of epidermis that have keratinocytes, squamous layers and are almost towards the surface of the skin, extra protection under stratum corneum

stratum basale

aka stratum germinativum

stratum basale

helps with production of cells for the pther layers of the epidermis

dermis

layer of skin beneath the epidermis, 20-30x thicker

dermis

contains epidermal appendages

dermis

comprised mainly of interwoven collagen and elastin fibers

papillary layer

thin arrangement of collagen fibers

papillary layer

supplies nutrients on select layers of epidermis & regulates temp as blood vessels are found in this area

papillary layer

where constriction and expansion occurs

papillary layer

thin extensive vascular system that uprights similarly to other vascular systems in the body

reticular layer

strengthens the skin, providing structure & elasticity

reticular layer

supports other components of the skin such as hair follicles, sweat glands and sebaceous glands

subcutaneous tissue

innermost layer of the skin, consists of a network of fat and collagen cells

subcutaneous tissue

insulator & shock-absorber

epidermis & dermis

location of free nerve endings

pain, itch

function of free nerve endings

epidermis (stratum spinosum)

location of merkel’s disks

touch

function of merkel’s disks

papillary dermis

location of meissner’s corpuscles

touch

function of meissner’s corpuscles

papillary dermis

location of ruffini’s endings

warm receptors

function of ruffini’s endings

papillary dermis

location of krause end bulb

cold receptors

function of krause end bulb

reticular dermis (deepest layer)

location of pacinian corpuscles

pressure & vibration receptors

function of pacinian corpuscles

hypodermis / subdermis

lies below the dermis

hypodermis / subdermis

consists of loose connective tissue & elastin

hypodermis / subdermis

padding & insulation for the body

immediately after the injury

goal: to achieve adequate homeostasis

immediately after the injury

prothrombin time test

immediately after the injury

aggregation of platelets follows the arterial vasoconstriction to the damaged endothelial lining

immediately after the injury

vasoconstriction is a short-lived process that is soon followed by vasodilation, which allows the influx of white cells & more thrombocytes

inflammatory phase (0-25 days)

hemostasis & chemotaxis

hemostasis

regulation of amount of blood loss

chemotaxis

cells/mediators produce chemicals or hormones that help with the inflammatory phase