Studied by 67 people
binary numbering system
how is memory stored in the computer?
base 2 positional
what kind of numbering system is binary base
signed magnitude notation
number representation in which the sign represents the ordering of the number (negative and positive) and the value represents the magnitude
1
what is the number to show negative in sign/magnitude notation
0
what is the number to show positive in sign/magnitude notation
16 (65,536)
how many bits does Unicode use
ASCII
Unicode is a superset of what
32 (4 billion)
Unicode has a variant of what bit
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange
8 (256)
what bit is ASCII
010 and 011
uppercase and lowercase in ASCII
65-90 and 97-122
uppercase alphabet and lowercase alphabet in ASCII
Analog Representation
Objects can take on any continuous value
a tone in sound
an example of analog representation
amplitude
what measures the loudness (height) of a waveform
period
what measures the time it takes for the waveform to complete a cycle
frequency (hertz)
what measures the total number of cycles per unit time of a waveform
pitch
what does frequency measure
f = 1/T
what is hertz defined as
20,000
hertz a human ear can detect
sampling rate
how many times per second we sample the amplitude of the sound wave
a more accurate reproduction
a greater sampling rate results in what
bit depth
the number of bits used to encode each sample
16 (65,000) or 24 (16,000,000)
most audio encoding schemes use how many bits
pixels
points of color
a more accurate encoding of an image
more pixels results in what
bitmap
rectangular grid of pixels
number of bits
each pixels color is specified by what
color depth
bits per pixel
raster graphics
A dot matrix data structure that represents a generally rectangular grid of pixels, stored in image files with varying formats
JPEG
Raster, lossy compression
Vector, Lossless
GIF
This extension is Lossless compression
computer driven and lossless compression
Vectors are what and what
PNG
Raster, Lossless improvement to GIF
Vector
SVG and EPS
compression ratio
how much compression schemes reduce the storage requirements of the data
Significant saving of space
if the commonly used characters are less bits, what happens
uncompressed data/compressed data
how do you calculate compression ratio
Lossless Compression
No information is lost in the compression and its possible to exactly reproduce that original data.
Lossy Compression
Data is compressed in a way that does not fully guarantee all of the information in the original data can be fully and completely recreated
MP3
Lossy Compression
What does Lossy compression allow for
Allows for higher compression ratios as they give up small inaccuracies undetectable by the human eye.
pitch
highness or lowness of a sound
digitized
digital signals are created from sampling an analog signal
numerical amplitudes
A wave is represented in a computer as a sequence of what
sequential circuit
contain feedback loops in which the output of a gate is fed back as input to an earlier gate
Memory units
Sequential circuits are used to build what
transistor
An electronic device that can be in an OFF state, which does not allow electricity to flow, or in an ON state, in which electricity can pass unimpeded; a transistor is a solid-state device that has not mechanical or moving parts
ON
a closed switch is what for the transistor
OFF
an open switch is what for the transistor
semiconductors
what are transistors made of
Multiplexer
multiple inputs become one output (signal)
Demultiplexer
One input (signal) is split into multiple outputs
trapezoid
what shape is used for multiplexer and demultiplexer
transistor
elementary building block for all modern computer systems
magnetic core
what came before the transistor
vector graphics
computer graphics images that are defined in terms of 2D points, which are connected by lines and curves to form polygons and other shapes
Note 
Flashcard (22)